Expanding roles of plant aquaporins in plasma membranes and cell organelles
Maki Katsuhara A , Yuko T. Hanba B , Katsuhiro Shiratake C and Masayoshi Maeshima C DA Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan.
B Centre for Bioresource Field Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 616-8354, Japan.
C Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
D Corresponding author. Email: maeshima@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Functional Plant Biology 35(1) 1-14 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP07130
Submitted: 21 August 2007 Accepted: 4 December 2007 Published: 25 January 2008
Abstract
Aquaporins facilitate water transport across biomembranes in a manner dependent on osmotic pressure and water-potential gradient. The discovery of aquaporins has facilitated research on intracellular and whole-plant water transport at the molecular level. Aquaporins belong to a ubiquitous family of membrane intrinsic proteins (MIP). Plants have four subfamilies: plasma-membrane intrinsic protein (PIP), tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP), nodulin 26-like intrinsic protein (NIP), and small basic intrinsic protein (SIP). Recent research has revealed a diversity of plant aquaporins, especially their physiological functions and intracellular localisation. A few PIP members have been reported to be involved in carbon dioxide permeability of cells. Newly identified transport substrates for NIP members of rice and Arabidopsis thaliana have been demonstrated to transport silicon and boron, respectively. Ammonia, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide have been identified as substrates for plant aquaporins. The intracellular localisation of plant aquaporins is diverse; for example, SIP members are localised on the ER membrane. There has been much progress in the research on the functional regulation of water channel activity of PIP members including phosphorylation, formation of hetero-oligomer, and protonation of histidine residues under acidic condition. This review provides a broad overview of the range of potential aquaporins, which are now believed to participate in the transport of several small molecules in various membrane systems in model plants, crops, flowers and fruits.
Additional keywords: ER, flower, fruit, structure–function relationship, vacuolar membrane, water channel, water transport.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Program for Promotion of Basic Research Activities for Innovative Biosciences (PROBRAIN; to MK, KS, and MM), Grant-in-Aids from MEXT (to KS), and grants from RITE and the Global Research program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Korea (to MM). We are grateful to Dr Jennifer Henry and Dr Ichiro Terashima for creating the opportunity to prepare this paper and Dr Sumiko Kaihara for proof reading of the manuscript.
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