Components of the Arabidopsis autonomous floral promotion pathway, FCA and FY, are conserved in monocots
Somrutai Winichayakul A , Nicola L. Beswick A , Caroline Dean B and Richard C. Macknight A CA Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
B Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
C Corresponding author. Email: richard.macknight@otago.ac.nz
Functional Plant Biology 32(4) 345-355 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP04245
Submitted: 22 December 2004 Accepted: 28 February 2005 Published: 26 April 2005
Abstract
The autonomous floral promotion pathway plays a key role in regulating the flowering time of the model dicot Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. To investigate whether this pathway is present in monocots, two autonomous pathway components, FCA and FY, were isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The predicted FCA proteins (OsFCA and LpFCA) are highly conserved over the RNA-binding and WW protein interaction domains, and the FY proteins (OsFY and LpFY) possess highly conserved WD repeats but a less well conserved C-terminal region containing Pro–Pro–Leu–Pro (PPLP) motifs. In Arabidopsis, FCA limits its own production by promoting the polyadenylation of FCA pre-mRNA within intron 3 to form a truncated transcript called FCA-β. The identification of FCA-β transcripts in rice and ryegrass indicates that equivalent mechanisms occur in monocots. FCA’s autoregulation and flowering time functions require FCA to interact with the 3′ end-processing factor, FY. The FCA WW domain from Arabidopsis, which is thought to recognise PPLP motifs, interacted with ryegrass FY protein in GST-pulldown assays. Together these results suggest that the FCA and FY genes in monocots have similar functions to the dicot flowering-time genes. The cloning of these genes may provide targets for manipulating the flowering time of monocot species.
Keywords: flowering time, rice, ryegrass.
Acknowledgments
We thank Catherine Day, Rob Day, Igor Kardailsky, and Rebecca Laurie for critically reading this manuscript. This work was supported by The Marsden Fund, RM by a visiting fellowship at La Trobe University Institute for Advanced Study and SW by an Agricultural Marketing Research and Development Trust (AgMARDT) post-doctoral fellowship.
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