Near-surface high resolution imaging of a metallogenic zone in the northern fringe of Dalma volcanics in eastern India using electrical resistivity tomography
P. K. Adhikari 1 P. K. Yadav 2 Shalivahan Srivastava 2 3 Ved P. Maurya 2 Shailendra Singh 2 Anurag Tripathi 2 Roshan K. Singh 2 Ashish K. Bage 2
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
1 Uranium Corporation of India Limited, Jaduguda, East Singhbhum 832102, India.
2 Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Applied Geophysics, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004, India.
3 Corresponding author. Email: svismagp@gmail.com
Exploration Geophysics 48(4) 394-400 https://doi.org/10.1071/EG15078
Submitted: 19 August 2015 Accepted: 22 April 2016 Published: 2 June 2016
Abstract
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a useful tool to map near-surface conducting anomalies. The detailed ERT survey was taken over an already defined conducting zone on a regional scale through a magnetotelluric (MT) survey, in order to provide better resolution of the subsurface structure within the study area. The survey lines were carried out crossing the delineated conducting zone through MT giving a dense coverage over the area. The ERT survey were carried out along 15 lines covering an area of ~1 km2 with a line spacing of ~50 m in the northern fringe of the Dalma volcanics (DVs). The study utilised the 61-channel cum 64-electrode resistivity equipment, FlashRES-Universal ERT multi-electrode data acquisition system, developed by ZZ Resistivity Imaging, Australia. Data has been acquired both through conventional arrays i.e. Wenner, Schlumberger and ZZ unconventional arrays. Inversion of the data set have been performed using 2.5D finite element conjugate gradient algorithm after performing the quality check. Resistivity models along all the lines were obtained using Wenner, Schlumberger and combination of Wenner, Schlumberger and ZZ arrays. Resistivity models resolved four major zones: (1) resistivity less than 1 Ωm; (2) resistivity 1–10 Ωm; (3) resistivity 10–100 Ωm; and (4) resistivity more than 100 Ωm . The resistivity results corroborate well with the geological succession from the drilling data. The conducting zones with resistivity values ranging from 1–10 Ωm correlates with the Lower Dalma volcanics while the Upper Dalma volcanics corresponds to the regions with resistivity values of less than 1 Ωm. The Upper Dalma volcanics corresponds to the metallogeny while the depth to the top of the ore body is ~25 m.
Key words: Dalma volcanics, ERT, metallogeny, VMS, ZZ array.
References
Anand, S. P., and Rajaram, M., 2006, Aeromagnetic data analysis for the identification of concealed uranium deposits: a case history from Singhbhum uranium province, India: Earth, Planets, and Space, 58, 1099–1103| Aeromagnetic data analysis for the identification of concealed uranium deposits: a case history from Singhbhum uranium province, India:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1eiurbM&md5=1354cf89d41462e36ee9973f84ad0577CAS |
Beresnev, I. A., Hruby, C. E., and Davis, C. A., 2002, The use of multielectrode resistivity imaging in gravel prospecting: Journal of Applied Geophysics, 49, 245–254
| The use of multielectrode resistivity imaging in gravel prospecting:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bery, A. A., Saad, R., Mohamad, E. T., Jinmin, M., Azwin, I. N., Akip Tan, N. M., and Nordiana, M. M., 2012, Electrical resistivity and induced polarization data correlation with conductivity for iron ore exploration: The Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 17, 3223–3233
Bhattacharya, B. B., and Shalivahan, 2016, Geoelectric methods: theory and applications: McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited (in press).
Biswas, A., Mandal, A., Sharma, S. P., and Mohanty, W. K., 2014, Delineation of subsurface structures using self-potential, gravity, and resistivity surveys from South Purulia Shear Zone, India: Implication to uranium mineralization: Interpretation (Tulsa), 2, T103–T110
| Delineation of subsurface structures using self-potential, gravity, and resistivity surveys from South Purulia Shear Zone, India: Implication to uranium mineralization:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bose, M. K., 2008, Petrology and geochemistry of the proterozoic ‘newer Dolerite’ and associated ultramafic dyke within Singhbhum granite pluton, eastern India, in R. K. Srivastava, ed., Indian dykes: geochemistry, geophysics, and geochronology: Narosa Publishing House Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, India.
Bose, M. K., 2009, Precambrian mafic magmatism in the Singhbhum craton, eastern India: Journal of the Geological Society of India, 73, 13–35
| Precambrian mafic magmatism in the Singhbhum craton, eastern India:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXitVyrsr4%3D&md5=f75c1b49574eb80a163d788288c54dadCAS |
Chakraborti, M. K., and Bose, M. K., 1985, Evaluation of the tectonic setting of Precambrian Dalma volcanic belt, eastern India using trace element data: Precambrian Research, 28, 253–268
| Evaluation of the tectonic setting of Precambrian Dalma volcanic belt, eastern India using trace element data:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXlt1Kktro%3D&md5=5e4c4888b64f3f5716cac42f2ec30cf2CAS |
Dahlin, T., and Zhou, B., 2006, Gradient array measurements for multi-channel 2D resistivity imaging: Near Surface Geophysics, 4, 113–123
Das, L. K., and Agarwal, B. N. P., 2001, The evolution of the Singhbhum Craton, a geophysical perspective: Indian Minerals, 55, 143–170
Deb, M., 2014, Precambrian geodynamics and metallogeny of the Indian shield: Ore Geology Reviews, 57, 1–28
| Precambrian geodynamics and metallogeny of the Indian shield:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Edwards, L. S., 1977, A modified pseudosection for resistivity and induced-polarization: Geophysics, 42, 1020–1036
| A modified pseudosection for resistivity and induced-polarization:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ford, K., Keating, P., and Thomas, M. D., 2007, Overview of geophysical signatures associated with Canadian ore deposits, in W. D. Goodfellow, ed., Mineral deposits of Canada – a synthesis of major deposit-types, district metallogeny, the evolution of geological provinces, and exploration methods: Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division, Special Publication, 5, 939–970.
Green, T. H., 1995, Significance of Nb/Ta as an indicator of geochemical processes in the crust–mantle system: Chemical Geology, 120, 347–359
| Significance of Nb/Ta as an indicator of geochemical processes in the crust–mantle system:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXktFektb8%3D&md5=fc76af555dc72f95010141daeb4f1de1CAS |
Griffiths, D. H., and Baker, R. D., 1993, Two-dimensional resistivity imaging and modelling in areas of complex geology: Journal of Applied Geophysics, 29, 211–226
| Two-dimensional resistivity imaging and modelling in areas of complex geology:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gupta, A., and Basu, A., 2000, North Singhbhum Proterozoic mobile belt Eastern India – a review: Geological Survey of India Special Publication, 55, 195–226.
Kailasam, L. N., 1975, Epeirogenic studies in India with reference to recent vertical movements: Tectonophysics, 29, 505–521
| Epeirogenic studies in India with reference to recent vertical movements:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kemna, A., Binley, A., Ramirez, A., and Daily, W., 2000, Complex resistivity tomography for environmental applications: Chemical Engineering Journal, 77, 11–18
| Complex resistivity tomography for environmental applications:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhsFKjtLk%3D&md5=639d5491898ca0ff4fe07dbff9f3ef7dCAS |
Loke, M. H. (2000), Electrical imaging surveys for environmental and engineering studies: a practical guide to 2-D and 3-D surveys, 1–20.
Loke, M. H. (2012), Tutorial: 2-D and 3-D electrical imaging surveys, 1–18.
Longo, V., Testone, V., Oggiano, G., and Testa, A., 2014, Prospecting for clay minerals within volcanic successions: application of electrical resistivity tomography to characterise bentonite deposits in northern Sardinia (Italy): Journal of Applied Geophysics, 111, 21–32
| Prospecting for clay minerals within volcanic successions: application of electrical resistivity tomography to characterise bentonite deposits in northern Sardinia (Italy):Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mahadevan, T. M., 2002, Geology of Bihar and Jharkhand: Geological Society of India.
Maurya, V. P., Shalivahan, , Bhattacharya, B. B., Adhikari, P. K., and Das, L. K., 2015, Preliminary magnetotelluric results across Dalma Volcanics, Eastern India: inferences on metallogeny: Journal of Applied Geophysics, 115, 171–182
| Preliminary magnetotelluric results across Dalma Volcanics, Eastern India: inferences on metallogeny:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mazumder, R., 2005, Proterozoic sedimentation and volcanism in the Singhbhum crustal province, India and their implications: Sedimentary Geology, 176, 167–193
| Proterozoic sedimentation and volcanism in the Singhbhum crustal province, India and their implications:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Milkereit, B., Eaton, D., Wu, J., Perron, G., and Salisbury, M., 1996, Seismic imaging of massive sulfide deposits – part II. Reflection seismic profiling: Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 91, 829–834
| Seismic imaging of massive sulfide deposits – part II. Reflection seismic profiling:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xntlamtbw%3D&md5=6638187709b8d289fa5f5126b25e1249CAS |
Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited, 2010, Geological report on detailed exploration for gold ore in Parasi (Central Block) gold deposit – phase-I & phase-II, north of Sonapet anticline, district: Ranchi, Jharkhand.
Morgan, L. A., 2012, Geophysical characteristics of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits in volcanogenic massive sulfide occurrence model: US Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5070–C, chap. 7, 115–131.
Pal, D. C., Barton, M. D., and Sarangi, A. K., 2009, Deciphering a multistage history affecting U– Cu(–Fe) mineralization in the Singhbhum Shear Zone, eastern India, using pyrite textures and compositions in the Turamdih U–Cu(–Fe) deposit: Mineralium Deposita, 44, 61–80
| Deciphering a multistage history affecting U– Cu(–Fe) mineralization in the Singhbhum Shear Zone, eastern India, using pyrite textures and compositions in the Turamdih U–Cu(–Fe) deposit:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVymtrnF&md5=e17a06335bd2beccc4095af885eb6aa0CAS |
Pal, D. C., Trumbull, R. B., and Wiedenbeck, M., 2010, Chemical and boron isotope compositions of tourmaline from Jaduguda U (–Cu–Fe) deposit, Singhbhum shear zone, India: implications for the sources and evolution of mineralizing fluids: Chemical Geology, 277, 245–260
| Chemical and boron isotope compositions of tourmaline from Jaduguda U (–Cu–Fe) deposit, Singhbhum shear zone, India: implications for the sources and evolution of mineralizing fluids:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1Sntb7L&md5=0e8e4f782d352df6bbc7b246f1bc2a21CAS |
Panek, T., Hradecky, J., and Silhan, K., 2008, Application of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in the study of various types of slope deformations in anisotropic bedrock: case studies from the Flysch Carpathians: Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 42, 57–73
Prasad, K., Nagaraja, P. K., and Roy, S. K., 2014, Report on ground geophysical mapping in parts of toposheet no. 73J/1, J/2, J/5 & J/6, East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, Mayurbhanj district of Odisha and Purulia district of West Bengal, FS 2013–14, unpub. rep. of GSI.
Ramirez, A., Daily, W., Binley, A., and LaBrecque, D., 1999, Electrical impedance tomography of known targets: Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics, 4, 11–26
| Electrical impedance tomography of known targets:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Revil, A., Leroy, P., and Titov, K., 2005, Characterization of transport properties of argillaceous sediments. Application to the Callovo-Oxfordian Argillite: Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, B06202
| Characterization of transport properties of argillaceous sediments. Application to the Callovo-Oxfordian Argillite:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Roy, A., Sarkar, A., Jeyakumar, S., Aggarwal, S. K., and Ebihara, M., 2002, Mid-Proterozoic plume-related thermal event in eastern Indian craton: evidence from trace elements, REE geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotope systematics of basic–ultrabasic intrusives from Dalma volcanic belt: Gondwana Research, 5, 133–146
| Mid-Proterozoic plume-related thermal event in eastern Indian craton: evidence from trace elements, REE geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotope systematics of basic–ultrabasic intrusives from Dalma volcanic belt:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XisV2gtw%3D%3D&md5=d61e13fa636e3f0070a96ac0d32b984eCAS |
Saha, A. K., 1994, Crustal evolution of Singhbhum-North Orissa, eastern India: Geological Society of India, Memoirs, 27, 341 pp.
Salisbury, M., Milkereit, B., and Bleeker, W., 1996, Seismic imaging of massive sulfide deposits – part I. Rock properties: Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 91, 821–828
| Seismic imaging of massive sulfide deposits – part I. Rock properties:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XntlamtLg%3D&md5=5ae9af3a2ce8bcd6e1bfed406e844ed7CAS |
Sarkar, S. C., 1984, Geology and ore mineralisation along the Singhbhum copper uranium belt: Ph.D. thesis, Jadavpur University, Calcutta.
Sarkar, S. C., and Deb, M., 1974, Metamorphism of the sulfides of the Singhbhum copper belt, India – the evidence from the ore fabric: Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists, 68, 1283–1293
Savin, C., Robineau, B., Monteil, G., Beauvais, A., Parisot, J. C., and Ritz, M., 2003, Electrical imaging of peridotite weathering mantles as a complementary tool for nickel ore exploration in New Caledonia: ASEG 16th Geophysical Conference and Exhibition, Extended Abstracts, 1–5.
Schrott, L., and Saas, O., 2008, Application of field geophysics in geomorphology: advances and limitations exemplified by case studies: Geomorphology, 93, 55–73
| Application of field geophysics in geomorphology: advances and limitations exemplified by case studies:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sengupta, D., Kumar, R., Singh, A. K., and Prasad, R., 2001, Radon exhalation and radiometric prospecting on rocks associated with Cu–U mineralizations in the Singhbhum shear zone, Bihar: Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 55, 889–894
| Radon exhalation and radiometric prospecting on rocks associated with Cu–U mineralizations in the Singhbhum shear zone, Bihar:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXotVansb8%3D&md5=139bb57db9f31428e48276e20b4ec9b1CAS | 11761114PubMed |
Shalivahan, , Bhattacharya, B. B., Chalapathi Rao, N. V., and Maurya, V. P., 2014, Thin lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary beneath Eastern Indian craton: Tectonophysics, 612–613, 128–133
Stummer, P., Maurer, H., and Green, A., 2004, Experimental design: electrical resistivity data sets that provide optimum subsurface information: Geophysics, 69, 120–139
| Experimental design: electrical resistivity data sets that provide optimum subsurface information:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Verma, R. K., Sharma, A. U. S., and Mukhopadhyay, M., 1984, Gravity field over Singhbhum, its relationship to geology and tectonic history: Tectonophysics, 106, 87–107
| Gravity field over Singhbhum, its relationship to geology and tectonic history:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhe, J., Greenhalgh, S., and Marescot, L., 2007, Multichannel, full waveform and flexible electrode combination resistivity-imaging system: Geophysics, 72, F57–F64
| Multichannel, full waveform and flexible electrode combination resistivity-imaging system:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhou, B., and Greenhalgh, S. A., 1999, Explicit expressions and numerical calculations for the Fre’chet and second derivatives in 2.5D Helmholtz equation inversion: Geophysical Prospecting, 47, 443–468
| Explicit expressions and numerical calculations for the Fre’chet and second derivatives in 2.5D Helmholtz equation inversion:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhou, B., and Greenhalgh, S. A., 2000, Crosshole resistivity tomography using different electrode configurations: Geophysical Prospecting, 48, 887–912
| Crosshole resistivity tomography using different electrode configurations:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |