Monitoring and detecting CO2 injected into water-saturated sandstone with joint seismic and resistivity measurements
Jongwook Kim 1 3 Toshifumi Matsuoka 1 Ziqiu Xue 21 Laboratory of Environment and Resource System Engineering, Department of Urban Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyodai-Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
2 Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth, 9-2 Kizugawadai, Kizu, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan.
3 Corresponding author. Email: gplkim@earth.kumst.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Exploration Geophysics 42(1) 58-68 https://doi.org/10.1071/EG11002
Submitted: 14 October 2010 Accepted: 13 December 2010 Published: 25 February 2011
Abstract
As part of basic studies of monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) storage using electrical and seismic surveys, laboratory experiments have been conducted to measure resistivity and P-wave velocity changes due to the injection of CO2 into water-saturated sandstone. The rock sample used is a cylinder of Berea sandstone. CO2 was injected under supercritical conditions (10 MPa, 40°C). The experimental results show that resistivity increases monotonously throughout the injection period, while P-wave velocity and amplitude decrease drastically due to the supercritical CO2 injection. A reconstructed P-wave velocity tomogram clearly images CO2 migration in the sandstone sample. Both resistivity and seismic velocity are useful for monitoring CO2 behaviour. P-wave velocity, however, is less sensitive than resistivity when the CO2 saturation is greater than ~20%. The result indicates that the saturation estimation from resistivity can effectively complement the difficulty of CO2 saturation estimations from seismic velocity variations. By combining resistivity and seismic velocity we were able to estimate CO2 saturation distribution and the injected CO2 behaviour in our sample.
Key words: Berea sandstone, carbon dioxide (CO2) storage, CO2 saturation, P-wave velocity, resistivity, seismic tomography.
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