The protonation reactions of catechin, epicatechin and related compounds

Abstract

The protonation reactions for catechin and epicatechin have been studied at 25ºC, I 0.10M (KCl). Equilibrium constants K_n for the protonation steps of the anions L^4- have been determined from potentiometric and/or spectrophotometric measurements. The logK_n values for the epimers differed significantly only for logK_l and logK₄ (values for catechin 13.26 ± 0.05, 11.26 ± 0.06, 9.41 ± 0.02, 8.64 ± 0.01, and epicatechin 13.40 ± 0.05, ll.23 ± 0.06, 9.49 ± 0.02, 8.72 ± .01, n = 1-4 respectively). These differences are ascribed to specific solvation effects or ion associations between K⁺ and the ligand anions. Epimerization was studied by h.p.l.c., and was found to be minimal over the experimental time scale at pH c. 13.5.

The ring on which each stepwise protonation occurs was elucidated by reference to log K_n values measured for the model compounds catechol, 4-methylbenzene-1,2-diol, protocatechuic acid and 3',4'-di-O-methylcatechin. The protonation sequence is B ring, A ring, B ring and A ring.

In contrast to earlier results, it has been established that the epimerization of catechin or epicatechin at C2, and the formation of catechinic acid in basic solution, may proceed through a radical rather than ionic mechanism.