Volume Changes on Mixing. I. Alcohol + Benzene Solutions

Abstract

Direct measurements have been made at 25, 35, and 45 °C of the volume changes on mixing of benzene with each of the following alcohols : methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-octanol. These systems have positive values of V^M, the volume change on mixing per mole of mixture, with maxima at mole fractions of alcohol from 0.15 to 0.35 for the normal alcohol systems and from 0.34 to 0.54 for the secondary and tertiary alcohol systems. The systems containing the three lower normal alcohols also show at 25 °C small negative values of V^M with minima at mole fractions of from 0.85 to 0.98. Values of V^M increase with the molecular weight of the alcohol and with an increase in temperature. For a given alcohol molecular weight the values of V^M increase with alcohol type in the order primary, iso, secondary, tertiary.