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REVIEW (Open Access)
Contents Vol 75(2)

Conjugation Approaches for Peptide-Mediated Delivery of Oligonucleotides Therapeutics

Nitin A. Patil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0422-9411 A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia. Email: nitin.patil@monash.edu




Dr Nitin Patil is an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council's Peter Doherty Fellow at Monash University. He leads the chemistry team in the laboratory of Antimicrobial System Pharmacology. The overarching aim of his research is to address challenges of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria by developing peptide and oligonucleotide-based therapeutics.

Australian Journal of Chemistry 75(2) 24-33 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH21131
Submitted: 31 May 2021  Accepted: 12 August 2021   Published: 7 September 2021

Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2022 Open Access CC BY

Abstract

Oligonucleotide-based agents are versatile biomolecules that modulate gene expression. The last decade has seen the emergence of oligonucleotide-based tools for biochemical investigations. Importantly, several oligonucleotide-based drugs and vaccines are currently used for various therapeutic applications ranging from anti-inflammatory and anti-viral agents to those used in cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and neuro-muscular disorders. Despite a broad range of applications, achieving efficient oligonucleotide delivery remains a major limitation. A possible solution is to conjugate cell-penetrating peptides with oligonucleotides. This review provides an overview of chemical strategies used to synthesise peptide–oligonucleotide conjugates. The merits and liabilities of these strategies are discussed in the context of synthetic efficiency, and bio-reversible and -irreversible linkages.

Keywords: conjugation, oligonucleotide, peptide, peptide nucleic acids, drug delivery, thiol–maleimide conjugation, click chemistry, 2-cyanoisoicotinamide (CINA) linkage.


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