Free Standard AU & NZ Shipping For All Book Orders Over $80!
Register      Login
Australian Journal of Chemistry Australian Journal of Chemistry Society
An international journal for chemical science
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Synthesis and Structures of 1,1′,2-Tribromoferrocene, 1,1′,2,2′-Tetrabromoferrocene, 1,1′,2,2′-Tetrabromoruthenocene: Expanding the Range of Precursors for the Metallocene Chemist’s Toolkit

Ian R. Butler https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9430-095X A D , Michael Beaumont A , Michael I. Bruce https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-7186 B , Natalia N. Zaitseva B , Jonathan A. Iggo A , Craig Robertson A , Peter N. Horton C and Simon J. Coles C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.

B Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.

C EPSRC National Crystallography Service, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.

D Corresponding author. Email: irbutler@liverpool.ac.uk

Australian Journal of Chemistry 74(3) 204-210 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH19184
Submitted: 6 August 2019  Accepted: 17 August 2020   Published: 28 October 2020

Abstract

The synthesis, characterisation, and isolation of 1,1′,2-tribromoferrocene and 1,1′,2,2′-tetrabromoferrocene, which are key synthons in ferrocene chemistry, are described. These compounds are prepared using α-halide assisted lithiation. The crystal structures of 1,1′,2-tribromoferrocene, 1,1′,2,2′-tetrabromoferrocene, 1,1′-dibromoruthenocene, and 1,1′,2,2′-tetrabromoruthenocene have been determined and are reported together with a brief discussion of the intramolecular forces involved in the crystal structures.


References

[1]  Ferrocenes: Homogeneous Catalysis, Organic Synthesis, Materials Science (Eds A. Togni, T. Hayashi) 1999 (Wiley-VCH: Weinheim).

[2]  Ferrocenes: Ligands, Materials and Biomolecules (Ed. P. Stepnicka) 2008 (John Wiley: Hoboken, NJ).

[3]  D. Heijnen, F. Tosi, C. Vila, M. C. A. Stuart, P. H. Elsinga, W. Szymanski, B. L. Feringa, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 3354.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[4]  Y. Kishimoto, S. Ishida, T. Iwamoto, Chem. Lett. 2016, 45, 235.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[5]  T. Sasamori, Y. Suzuki, N. Tokitoh, Organometallics 2014, 33, 6696.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[6]  M. D. Rausch, G. A. Moser, C. F. Meade, J. Organomet. Chem. 1973, 51, 1.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[7]  A. Shafir, M. P. Power, G. D. Whitener, J. Arnold, P. W. Miller, N. J. Long, Inorg. Synth. 2014, 36, 65.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[8]  H. Nie, L. Yao, B. Li, S. Zhang, W. Chen, Organometallics 2014, 33, 2109.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[9]  G. Ilyashenko, R. Al-Safadi, R. Donnan, R. Dubrovka, J. Pancholi, M. Watkinson, A. Whiting, RSC Adv. 2013, 3, 17081.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[10]  S. Bruna, J. Perles, D. Nieto, A. M. Gonzalez-Vadillo, I. Cuadrado, J. Organomet. Chem. 2014, 751, 769.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[11]  M. S. Inkpen, S. Du, M. Hildebrand, A. P. White, N. M. Harrison, T. Albrecht, N. J. Long, Organometallics 2015, 34, 5461.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[12]  M. D. Rausch, D. J. Ciappenelli, J. Organomet. Chem. 1967, 10, 127.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[13]  M. Roemer, C. A. Nijhuis, Dalton Trans. 2014, 43, 11815.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24999911PubMed |

[14]  D. Astruc, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2017, 6.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[15]  J. C. Goeltz, C. P. Kubiak, Organometallics 2011, 30, 3908.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[16]  M. S. Inkpen, S. Du, M. Driver, T. Albrecht, N. J. Long, Dalton Trans. 2013, 42, 2813.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 23232493PubMed |

[17]  I. R. Butler, M. G. B. Drew, Inorg. Chem. Commun. 1999, 2, 234.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[18]  I. R. Butler, Inorg. Chem. Commun. 2008, 11, 15.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[19]  C. A. Hnetinka, A. D. Hunter, M. Zeller, M. J. G. Lesley, Acta Crystallogr. 2004, E60, m1806.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[20]  S. Bernhartzeder, K. Sünkel, J. Organomet. Chem. 2012, 716, 146.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[21]  G. Laus, K. Wurst, W. Stolz, H. Schottenberger, Z. Kristallogr. – New Cryst. Struct. 2005, 220, 229.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[22]  Y.-H. Han, M. J. Heeg, C. H. Winter, Organometallics 1994, 13, 3009.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[23]  Z. Kaluski, A. I. Gusev, Yu. T. Struchkov, Bull. Acad Pol. Sci., Ser. Sci. Chim. 1972, 20, 875.

[24]  P. V. Roling, M. D. Rausch, J. Organomet. Chem. 1977, 141, 195.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[25]  A. N. Nesmeyanov, E. G. Perevalova, O. A. Nesmeyanova, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 1955, 100, 1099.

[26]  I. R. Butler, Inorg. Chem. Commun. 2008, 11, 484.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[27]  H. Butenschön, Synthesis 2018, 50, 3787.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[28]  D. A. Thomas, V. V. Ivanov, I. R. Butler, P. N. Horton, P. Meunier, J.-C. Hierso, Inorg. Chem. 2008, 47, 1607.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 18247541PubMed |

[29]  I. R. Butler, M. G. B. Drew, C. H. Geenwell, E. Lewis, M. Plath, S. Mussig, J. Szewczyk, Inorg. Chem. Commun. 1999, 2, 576.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[30]  A. Zirakzadeh, A. Herlein, M. A. Gross, K. Mereiter, Y. Wang, W. Weissensteiner, Organometallics 2015, 34, 3820.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26294806PubMed |

[31]  G. Werner, H. Butenschön, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2017, 378.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[32]  I. R. Butler, M. G. B. Drew, C. H. Greenwell, E. Lewis, M. Plath, S. Mussig, J. Szewczyk, Inorg. Chem. Commun. 1999, 2, 576.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[33]  I. R. Butler, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2012, 4387.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[34]  G. Dayaker, A. Sreeshailam, F. Chevallier, T. Roisnel, P. R. Krishna, F. Mongin, Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 2862.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[35]  A. Zirakzadeh, A. Herlein, M. A. Groß, K. Mereiter, Y. Wang, W. Weissensteiner, Organometallics 2015, 34, 3820.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 26294806PubMed |

[36]  M. Tazi, W. Erb, Y. S. Halauko, O. A. Ivashkevich, V. E. Matulis, T. Roisnel, V. Dorcet, F. Mongin, Organometallics 2017, 36, 4770.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[37]  M. Tazi, M. Hedidi, W. Erb, Y. S. Halauko, O. A. Ivashkevich, V. E. Matulis, T. Roisnel, V. Dorcet, G. Bentabed-Ababsa, F. Mongin, Organometallics 2018, 37, 2207.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[38]  W. Erb, T. Roisnel, Chem. Commun. 2019, 55, 9132.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[39]  B. Jennewein, S. Kimpel, D. Thalheim, J. Klett, Chem. – Eur. J. 2018, 24, 7605.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 29529351PubMed |

[40]  W. Clegg, K. W. Henderson, A. R. Kennedy, R. E. Mulvey, C. T. O’Hara, R. B. Rowlings, D. M. Tooke, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 3902.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[41]  W. Clegg, E. Crosbie, S. H. Dale-Black, E. Hevia, G. W. Honeyman, A. R. Kennedy, R. E. Mulvey, D. L. Ramsay, S. D. Robertson, Organometallics 2015, 34, 2580.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[42]  P. C. Andrikopoulos, D. R. Armstrong, W. Clegg, C. J. Gilfillan, E. Hevia, A. R. Kennedy, R. E. Mulvey, C. T. O’Hara, J. A. Parkinson, D. M. Tooke, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 11612.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 15366908PubMed |

[43]  G. W. Honeyman, D. R. Armstrong, W. Clegg, E. Hevia, A. R. Kennedy, R. McLennan, S. A. Orr, J. A. Parkinson, D. L. Ramsay, S. D. Obertson, S. Towie, R. E. Mulvey, Chem. Sci. 2020, 11, 6510.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[44]  Y. Habata, S. Akabori, M. Sato, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1985, 58, 3540.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[45]  CrystalClear- SM Expert 3.1 b27 2013 (Rigaku: The Woodlands, TX).

[46]  CrysAlisPro Software System 2017 (Rigaku Oxford Diffraction: Yarnton, Oxford, UK).

[47]  O. V. Dolomanov, L. J. Bourhis, R. J. Gildea, J. A. K. Howard, H. Puschmann, J. Appl. Cryst. 2009, 42, 339.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[48]  G. M. Sheldrick, Acta Crystallogr. 2015, A71, 3.

[49]  G. M. Sheldrick, Acta Crystallogr. 2015, C27, 3.