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REVIEW
Contents Vol 71(10)

Polyion Complex Micelles for Protein Delivery*

Fan Chen A and Martina H. Stenzel A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A School of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

B Corresponding author. Email: m.stenzel@unsw.edu.au




Fan Chen received his B.Sc. degree in biofunctional materials from Beijing University of Chemical Technology in 2012, followed by an M.Sc. degree in polymer science from Loughborough University in 2013. He started his Ph.D. in chemistry at the University of New South Wales under the supervision of Professor Martina Stenzel in 2014 and has recently submitted his Ph.D. thesis. His research focuses on the use of nanoparticles for cancer treatment and bioimaging techniques.


Martina Stenzel studied chemistry at the University of Bayreuth, Germany, before completing her Ph.D. in 1999 at the Institute of Applied Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Germany. She started as a post-doctoral fellow at UNSW in 1999 and is now a full professor in the School of Chemistry as well as co-director of the Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD). In 2019, she was elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. Her research interest is focused on the synthesis of functional nanoparticles for drug delivery applications. Martina has published more than 300 peer-reviewed papers mainly on polymer and nanoparticle design. She is scientific editor of Materials Horizons and serves currently on a range of editorial boards. She is currently the chair of the National Chemistry Committee of the Australian Academy of Science. She has received a range of awards, including the 2011 Le Fèvre Memorial Prize of the Australian Academy of Science. In 2017, she received the H. G. Smith Memorial Award.

Australian Journal of Chemistry 71(10) 768-780 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH18219
Submitted: 14 May 2018  Accepted: 22 July 2018   Published: 6 September 2018

Abstract

Proteins are ubiquitous in life and next to water, they are the most abundant compounds found in human bodies. Proteins have very specific roles in the body and depending on their function, they are for example classified as enzymes, antibodies or transport proteins. Recently, therapeutic proteins have made an impact in the drug market. However, some proteins can be subject to quick hydrolytic degradation or denaturation depending on the environment and therefore require a protective layer. A range of strategies are available to encapsulate and deliver proteins, but techniques based on polyelectrolyte complex formation stand out owing to their ease of formulation. Depending on their isoelectric point, proteins are charged and can condense with oppositely charged polymers. Using block copolymers with a neutral block and a charged block results in the formation of polyion complex (PIC) micelles when mixed with the oppositely charged protein. The neutral block stabilises the charged protein–polymer core, leading to nanoparticles. The types of micelles are also known under the names interpolyelectrolyte complex, complex coacervate core micelles, and block ionomer complexes. In this article, we discuss the formation of PIC micelles and their stability. Strategies to enhance the stability such as supercharging the protein or crosslinking the PIC micelles are discussed.


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