Fragment Screening on Staphylococcus aureus HPPK – a Folate Pathway Target
Sandeep Chhabra A , Olan Dolezal B , Meghan Hattarki B , Thomas S. Peat B , Jamie S. Simpson A and James D. Swarbrick A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University,399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia.
B CSIRO Division of Materials, Science and Engineering, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: james.swarbrick@monash.edu
Australian Journal of Chemistry 66(12) 1537-1543 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH13298
Submitted: 10 June 2013 Accepted: 12 August 2013 Published: 20 September 2013
Abstract
An NMR-based screen of a commercially available fragment library was performed on the folate pathway antimicrobial target, 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase from Staphylococcus aureus (SaHPPK). Initial 1D saturation transfer difference-NMR screening resulted in an impractically high hit rate (43 %), which advocated the use of a strategy based on 2D (SOFAST) 15N HMQC NMR experiments. Chemical shift perturbations were used to identify, validate, and map the location of 16 initial binders (hit rate of 2 %). Fourteen compounds were purchased based on an identified thioamide pharmacophore. Binding affinities (Kd) were measured by surface plasmon resonance, revealing a modest improvement in potency over the initial 16 hits, with the best fragment found to bind to the apo enzyme with a Kd of 420 µM, corresponding to a ligand efficiency of 1.8 kJ/heavy atom. Four fragments identified represent useful starting points for the generation of leads that may ultimately be developed into new antimicrobial agents.
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