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Contents Vol 64(8)

Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization in Miniemulsion Based on In Situ Surfactant Generation

S. R. Simon Ting A B , Eun Hee Min A C and Per B. Zetterlund A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.

B Current address: Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

C Current address: Photonics and Optical Telecommunications Group, School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

D Corresponding author. Email: p.zetterlund@unsw.edu.au

Australian Journal of Chemistry 64(8) 1033-1040 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH11123
Submitted: 25 March 2011  Accepted: 10 May 2011   Published: 19 August 2011

Abstract

Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene has been implemented in aqueous miniemulsion based on the in situ surfactant generation approach using oleic acid and potassium hydroxide in the absence of high energy mixing. The best results were obtained using the RAFT agent 3-benzylsulfanyl thiocarbonyl sufanylpropionic acid (BSPAC), most likely as a result of the presence of a carboxylic acid functionality in the RAFT agent that renders it surface active and thus imparts increased colloidal stability. Stable final miniemulsions were obtained with no coagulum with particle diameters less than 200 nm. The results demonstrate that the RAFT miniemulsion polymerization of styrene employing the low energy in situ surfactant method is challenging, but that a system that proceeds predominantly by a miniemulsion mechanism can be achieved under carefully selected conditions.


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