Miniemulsion Polymerization Stabilized by a Well-Defined, Amphiphilic Gradient Poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) Copolymer
Catherine Lefay A , Maud Save A , Bernadette Charleux A C and Stéphanie Magnet BA Université Pierre et Marie Curie—Paris 6, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, UMR 7610 associée au CNRS, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
B ARKEMA, Groupement de Recherches de Lacq, B.P. no. 34, 64170 Lacq, France.
C Corresponding author. Email: charleux@ccr.jussieu.fr
Australian Journal of Chemistry 59(8) 544-548 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH06146
Submitted: 4 May 2006 Accepted: 7 July 2006 Published: 8 September 2006
Abstract
The nitroxide-mediated controlled free-radical copolymerization of styrene (St) and acrylic acid (AA) was used to synthesize a well-defined poly(St30%-co-AA70%) amphiphilic gradient copolymer. The latter proved to be an efficient stabilizer in the 45 wt.-% solids content, batch miniemulsion polymerizations of St and of mixtures of methyl methacrylate/n-butyl acrylate (35/65 w/w). With 2,2´-azobisisobutyronitrile as an oil-soluble initiator, polystyrene latexes with a very narrow particle distribution were obtained, whereas the water-soluble initiator, potassium persulfate, led to broad, multimodal particle size distributions. Such results were explained by the contribution of two nucleation mechanisms: droplet nucleation and homogeneous nucleation. In contrast, the poly(methyl methacrylate-co-n-butyl acrylate) latexes exhibited larger particle size and narrower particle size distributions with persulfate initiator, than the polystyrene latexes.
Acknowledgements
Arkema is acknowledged for the financial support of C.L.’s PhD thesis. The authors thank P. Beaunier from UPMC for the TEM pictures.
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