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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 23(1)

Future Directions in Astronomy Visualization

Christopher J. Fluke A B , Paul D. Bourke A and David O’Donovan A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia

B Corresponding authors: Email: cfluke@swin.edu.au

Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 23(1) 12-24 https://doi.org/10.1071/AS05034
Submitted: 4 October 2005  Accepted: 17 February 2006   Published: 29 March 2006

Abstract

Despite the large budgets spent annually on astronomical research equipment such as telescopes, instruments, and supercomputers, the general trend is to analyze and view the resulting datasets using small, two-dimensional displays. We report here on alternative advanced image displays, with an emphasis on displays that we have constructed, including stereoscopic projection, multiple projector tiled displays, and a digital dome. These displays can provide astronomers with new ways of exploring the terabyte and petabyte datasets that are now regularly being produced from all-sky surveys, high-resolution computer simulations, and Virtual Observatory projects. We also present a summary of the Advanced Image Displays for Astronomy (AIDA) survey which we conducted from 2005 March–May, in order to raise some issues pertinent to the current and future level of use of advanced image displays.

Keywords: methods: data analysis


Acknowledgments

This research has been funded by a Swinburne Researcher Development Grant. We would like to thank David Barnes and Evan Hallein for their valuable contributions, Glen Moore from the Wollongong Science Centre and Charles Treleaven from Cosmodome Australasia for access to their domes (fixed and portable), and Roberto Calati for his assistance with implementing edge-blending. We are appreciative to all of the respondents to the AIDA survey. We thank the anonymous referee for very useful comments that modified the direction of this paper.


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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 10
RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
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LINE 30
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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struct
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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struct
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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struct
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RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
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struct
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RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
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struct
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ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
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RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML


Rixon, G., Barnes, D., Beeson, B., Yu, J., & Ortiz, P. 2004, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems (ADASS) XIII, ASP Conf. Ser. 314 (Eds Ochsenbein, F., Allen, M. G., & Egret, D.) (San Francisco: ASP), 509

Rots, A. 1986, Synthesis Imaging (Eds Perley, R. A., Schwab, F. R., & Bridle, A. H.) (Green Bank: NRAO), 231

Steenblik, R. A. 1986, US Patent 4597634

Teuben, P. J., Hut, P., Levy, S., Makino, J., McMillan, S., Portegies Zwart, S., Shara, M., & Emmart, C. 2001, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems X, ASP Conf. Ser. 238 (Eds Harnden Jr, F. R., Primini, F. A., & Payne, H. E.) (San Francisco: ASP), 499

Van Buren, D., Curtis, P., Nichols, D. A., & Brundage, M. 1995, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems IV, ASP Conf. Ser. 77 (Eds Shaw, R. A., Payne, H. E., & Hayes, J. J. E.), 99

Verwichte, E., &  Galsgaard, K. 1998, SoPh, 183, 445
An error has occurred in (ref id="R22"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
struct
COLUMN 0
ID ??
LINE 243
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:243)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
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ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_UDFMETHOD
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML


Welling, J., & Derthick, M. 2001, Virtual Observatories of the Future, ASP Conf. Proc. 225 (Eds Brunner, R. J., Djorgovski, S. G., & Szalay, A. S.) (San Francisco: ASP), 284









1 For example improved polygon drawing rates and onboard memory on graphics cards.

2 For example significant reductions in cost, increasing brightness, resolution and dynamic range, and broad product availability.

3 The favoured XGA resolution is partly controlled by the growing home theatre market, as this is most compatible with the PAL, NTSC, and High Definition television standards. At the time of writing, advances in digital cinema are leading to projectors with resolutions of 4096 × 2160 pixels, but at very high cost.

4 In our initial testing, we found that the preferred 128-pixel overlap was not sufficient. Powers of two in overlap size are not critical, but they simplify the programming model using OpenGL textures.

5 Consider the Mercator projection common for maps of the Earth. This mapping of the spherical Earth to a 2D surface does not preserve area, so that polar countries like Greenland appear highly distorted.

6 For example, Evans & Sutherland, Konica Minolta, Silicon Graphics, Sky-Skan, and Spitz.

7 Note that this is the size of square dome frames — the actual projected area is a maximally inscribed circle, so that ≈21.5% of pixels are unused.

8 www.elumenati.com

9 We have performed some initial experiments with various metallic paints to create a low-cost polarization-preserving surface. Although the image gain is lower, and cross-talk is higher than for commercial screens, a 3D image is visible.

10 www.sgi.com/products/visualization/realitycenter

11 The construction of the Virtual Room at the Melbourne Museum was funded by a Victorian State Government through the Science & Technology Initiative (STI) grant scheme. It represents a collaboration between Swinburne University of Technology, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Monash University, Museum Victoria, Adacel Technologies, and the University of Melbourne. See www.vroom.org.au

12 At the time of writing, there were about 440 ASA members. See asa.astronomy.org.au/asa.html

13 www.astro.caltech.edu/∼tjp/pgplot/

14 Some advanced displays are not appropriate for all users. For example, stereoscopic 3D displays are not very useful for the 10% of the population who do not have binocular vision. Headaches can arise from overuse of particular techniques, especially when the eyes are forced to focus in an unnatural manner for extended periods of time. For further comments on this issue, see Rots (1986).

15 niri.ncsa.uiuc.edu/partiview/