Grasshopper abundance and offtake increase after prescribed fire in semi-arid grassland

Nicholas Gregory Heimbuch; Devan Allen McGranahan; Carissa L. Wonkka; Lance T. Vermeire; David H. Branson

doi:10.1071/WF23031

RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Previous Contents Vol 32(12)

Grasshopper abundance and offtake increase after prescribed fire in semi-arid grassland

Nicholas Gregory Heimbuch ^A , Devan Allen McGranahan

^B ^* , Carissa L. Wonkka

^C , Lance T. Vermeire ^B and David H. Branson ^C

+ Author Affiliations

- Author Affiliations

^A Ecology & Evolution Undergraduate Program, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. Email: ngh11@pitt.edu

^B USDA Agricultural Research Service, Livestock & Range Research Laboratory, 243 Ft. Keogh Road, Miles City, MT 59301, USA. Email: Lance.Vermeire@usda.gov

^C USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, 1500 N Central Avenue, Sidney, MT 59270, USA. Email: Carissa.Wonkka@usda.gov, Dave.Branson@usda.gov

^* Correspondence to: Devan.McGranahan@usda.gov

International Journal of Wildland Fire 32(12) 1828-1833 https://doi.org/10.1071/WF23031

Submitted: 2 March 2023 Accepted: 22 November 2023 Published: 1 December 2023

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of IAWF. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Background

Fire modulates herbivore dynamics in open ecosystems. While extensive work demonstrates the interaction between fire and vertebrate grazers, less research describes how grasshopper herbivory dynamics respond to fire.

Aim

We examined how fire increased grass crude protein content and increased the density of and offtake by grasshoppers relative to unburned mixed-grass prairie.

Methods

We deployed grasshopper exclusion cages to determine grasshopper offtake of aboveground plant biomass, counted grasshopper abundance throughout the study period, and measured crude protein content of aboveground grass biomass.

Key results

Offtake and density were higher in burned versus unburned plots. Burned plot grasshopper density increased over time, with greater rates of increase in recently burned plots, while density remained constant in unburned locations.

Conclusions

We present a potential mechanism by which fire interacts with grasshoppers in open ecosystems. It is likely that greater grasshopper offtake and density in recently-burned plots is at least partially attributable to higher crude protein content, as grass in these plots has a much higher proportion of recent growth after fire removed senesced material.

Implications

Grasshopper herbivory likely acts as a multiplier of livestock herbivory in burned rangeland. Restoring fire regimes can balance direct negative effects of heating against nutritional benefits.

Keywords: fire-grazing interaction, magnet effect, Orthoptera: Acrididae, prescribed fire, pyric herbivory, rangeland forage quality, rangeland pest management.

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