A century later – a total evidence re-evaluation of the phylogeny of scutigeromorph centipedes (Myriapoda : Chilopoda)
Gregory D. Edgecombe A C and Gonzalo Giribet BA Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
B Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
C Corresponding author. Email: greg.edgecombe@austmus.gov.au
Invertebrate Systematics 20(5) 503-525 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS05044
Submitted: 29 September 2005 Accepted: 1 August 2006 Published: 12 October 2006
Abstract
Scutigeromorpha (‘house centipedes’) play a pivotal role in myriapod systematics in being the sister group to all other chilopods, but their internal phylogeny has not been comprehensively appraised since K. W. Verhoeff’s morphological investigations a century ago. Relationships between the three families of Scutigeromorpha are inferred based on a combined analysis of approximately 5.5 Kb of sequence data from five molecular markers (complete 18S rRNA, a 2.2-Kb fragment of 28S rRNA, 16S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, histone H3) and 33 ingroup morphological characters. Molecular data are available for 19 ingroup terminals representing 14 morphospecies that include the genera Scutigerina, Madagassophora (family Scutigerinidae), Sphendononema (family Pselliodidae), Scutigera, Thereuopoda, Thereuopodina, Thereuonema, Allothereua and Parascutigera (family Scutigeridae). Morphology resolves the southern African–Malagasy Scutigerinidae as sister to all other Scutigeromorpha, whereas rival sister-group relationships between the Neotropical–Afrotropical Pselliodidae and Scutigerinidae + Scutigeridae or Pselliodidae + Scutigerinidae and Scutigeridae are resolved by the molecular and combined analyses. Monophyly of Scutigeridae and Thereuoneminae are stable across a broad range of analytical parameters. Thereuoneminae is composed of two stable clades: an Allothereua + Parascutigera group, and a grouping of Thereuopoda, Thereuonema and Thereuopodina. Molecular and combined analyses resolve the genus Scutigerina and the morphospecies Scutigerina weberi as paraphyletic, in both cases with a Malagasy clade excluding populations from southern Africa.
Additional keywords: molecular data, morphology, phylogeny, Scutigeromorpha.
Acknowledgments
For providing specimens used for DNA sequencing, we thank Amazonas Chagas, Jr., Gustavo Hormiga, Lana Little, Geoff Monteith, Lorenzo Prendini, Martyn Robinson, Nikolaj Scharff, Nobuo Tsurusaki, and Darrell Ubick. Samples from Madagascar and Central Asia were obtained in fieldwork funded by NSF Grant DEB-0072713 to Charles Griswold (California Academy of Sciences) and NSF Supplementary Grant EAR 0313698 to Lorenzo Prendini (American Museum of Natural History), respectively. Sue Lindsay (Australian Museum) assisted with specimen preparation and operated the SEM. Markus Koch and two anonymous referees provided helpful comments on the manuscript. This project is supported by Australian Biological Resources Study Grant 205–08.
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