Preparation and Structures of Group 12 and 14 Element Halide–Carbene Complexes
S. M. Ibrahim Al-Rafia A , Paul A. Lummis A , Anindya K. Swarnakar A , Kelsey C. Deutsch A , Michael J. Ferguson A , Robert McDonald A and Eric Rivard A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
B Corresponding author. Email: erivard@ualberta.ca
Australian Journal of Chemistry 66(10) 1235-1245 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH13209
Submitted: 26 April 2013 Accepted: 11 June 2013 Published: 1 August 2013
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes involving zinc, cadmium, and the heavy Group 14 elements germanium, tin, and lead is reported. The direct reaction between the bulky carbene IPr (IPr = (HCNDipp)2C:, Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) and the Group 14 halide reagents GeCl4 and SnCl4 afforded the 1 : 1 complexes IPr·ECl4 (E = Ge and Sn) in high yield; similarly, ZnI2 interacted with IPr in THF to give the THF-bound complex IPr·ZnI2·THF. CdCl2 underwent divergent chemistry with IPr and the major product isolated was the imidazolium salt [IPrH][IPr·CdCl3], which could be converted into IPr·CdCl2·THF upon treatment with Tl[OTf]. In addition, the stable PbII amide adduct, IPr·PbBr(NHDipp), was prepared. Each of the new carbene–element halide adducts was treated with the hydride sources Li[BH4] and Li[HBEt3] in order to potentially access new element hydride adducts and/or clusters. In most instances scission of the element–carbene bonds transpired, except in the case of IPr·ZnI2·THF, which reacted with two equivalents of Li[BH4] to yield the thermally stable bis(borohydride) zinc complex IPr·Zn(BH4)2.
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