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Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Phylogenetic analysis of the Squilloidea (Crustacea : Stomatopoda)

Shane T. Ahyong
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

Department of Marine Invertebrates, Australian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. Email: shanea@austmus.gov.au

Invertebrate Systematics 19(3) 189-208 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS04037
Submitted: 2 December 2004  Accepted: 16 May 2005   Published: 15 July 2005

Abstract

Squilloidea is the most speciose of the stomatopod superfamilies and comprises more than 40 genera. Until 2001, three families were recognised: two extant (Harpiosquillidae, Squillidae) and one extinct (Ursquillidae). Recent studies, however, suggested that Harpiosquillidae is nested among other squillids and was thus synonymised with Squillidae. Interrelationships of all squilloid genera are studied by cladistic analysis based on somatic morphology. Results are used to assess the familial classification and investigate the ‘shape’ of squilloid evolution. The phylogeny of the squilloids shows general trends in the armature of the raptorial claw, increased dorsal carination, a tendency for bilobation of the lateral processes of the exposed thoracic somites, and a change in telson shape from trianguloid with movable submedian teeth, to quadriform with fixed submedian teeth. Harpiosquilla Holthuis, 1964 is deeply nested among other squillid genera, supporting the recent synonymy of the Squillidae and Harpiosquillidae. Characters of the late Cretaceous Ursquillidae show that it is highly derived and is therefore synonymised with Squillidae. Although the antiquity of Ursquilla Hof, 1998 does not show it to be a basal or stem-lineage squilloid, it does show that the squilloids had already undergone significant diversification by the end of the Cretaceous. Species of most squilloid genera are regionally restricted, either to the Indo-west Pacific or Atlanto-east Pacific. Only Alima Leach, 1818, Cloridopsis Manning 1968b, and Pontiosquilla Manning, 1995 are represented in both regions.

Additional keywords: Harpiosquillidae, phylogeny, Squillidae, Stomatopoda, Ursquillidae.


Acknowledgments

Thanks are due to Buz Wilson (AM) for comments on an early draft. Thanks to Nguyen Ngoc-Ho and Alain Crosnier (MNHN), Karen Coombes and Gavin Dally (NTM), Peter Davie (QM), Peter Ng (NUS), Karen Reed and the late Raymond B. Manning (USNM) for the loan of stomatopod specimens. Cees Hof (UVA) is gratefully acknowledged for assistance with literature concerning fossil squilloids. Financial support from a Sydney Grammar School Fellowship and a grant from the Joyce Vickery Research Fund (Linnean Society of New South Wales) is gratefully acknowledged.


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Appendix 1.  Terminal taxa: genera and exemplars used in the analysis
Institution codes for specimens examined are given in parentheses. Type species indicated by *
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Appendix 2.  Data matrix
A = polymorphism for states 1 and 2
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Appendix 3.  Unambiguous character state changes for 1 of 2 most parsimonious trees for analysis of extant taxa
A3