Effects of genetic and environmental factors on growth of southern calamary, Sepioteuthis australis, from southern Australia and northern New Zealand
Lianos Triantafillos
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
South Australian Research and Development Institute, Aquatic Sciences, PO Box 120, Henley Beach, SA 5022, Australia. Present address: 39 Danby Street, Torrensville, SA 5031, Australia. Email: calamary@iprimus.com.au
Marine and Freshwater Research 55(4) 439-446 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF03157
Submitted: 8 December 2004 Accepted: 9 March 2004 Published: 22 June 2004
Abstract
Extreme plasticity in growth is consistently found by ageing studies on squid. This study examined the contribution that genetic and environmental factors had on growth of the southern calamary, Sepioteuthis australis, from sites in southern Western Australia, South Australia and New Zealand. A total of 147 adults, comprising three sympatric genetic types (two parental taxa and one hybrid), were aged by counting microincrements in statoliths. Estimates of age ranged from 121 to 268 days and varied with mantle length, sex, genetic type and region. Males grew much faster and attained a larger size than females. Significant differences were also detected between genetic types, with the hybrids always growing faster (at least 60% larger at 150 days old) than the two parental taxa, a phenomenon commonly referred to as hybrid vigour. Spatial differences in growth were also detected, with individuals from Western Australia usually growing faster than those from South Australia and New Zealand. Possible explanations for these growth patterns are discussed.
Extra keywords: growth plasticity, intraspecific, life history, statolith age.
Acknowledgments
This project was partially funded by the South Australian Marine Scalefish Fishery, and was conducted as part of a PhD of the Northern Territory University. I am extremely grateful to Mark Adams of the Evolutionary Biology Unit (South Australian Museum) for statistical advice and for help during the development of allozyme markers. I am also grateful to Drs Tony Fowler, Tim Ward, Scoresby Shepherd and three anonymous referees for comments on the manuscript. Gretta Pecl kindly provided manuscripts before they had been published.
References
Arkhipkin, A. I. , and Mikheev, A. (1992). Age and growth of the squid Sthenoteuthis pteropus (Oegopsida: Ommastrephidae) from Central-East Atlantic. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology163, 261–276.
Arnold, W. S. , Marelli, D. C. , Bert, T. M. , Jones, D. S. , and Quitmyer, I. R. (1991). Habitat-specific growth of the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria (L.) from the Indian River, Florida. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology147, 245–265.
Bakos, J. , and Gorda, S. (1995). Genetic improvement of common carp strains using intraspecific hybridisation. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)129, 183–186.
Beamish, R. J. , and McFarlane, G. A. (1983). The forgotten requirement for age validation in fisheries biology. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society12, 735–743.
Brierley, A. S. , Rodhouse, P. G. , Thorpe, J. P. , and Clarke, M. R. (1993). Genetic evidence of population heterogeneity and cryptic speciation in the ommastrephid squid Martiala hyadesi from the Patagonian Shelf and Antarctic Polar Frontal Zone. Marine Biology116, 593–602.
Brodziak, J. K. T. , and Macy, W. K. (1996). Growth of long-finned squid, Loligo pealeii, in the northwest Atlantic. Fishery Bulletin94, 212–236.
Craig, J. F. , Babaluk, S. G. , Stevenson, S. G. , and Williams, P. C. (1995). Variation in growth and reproduction of walleye (Stizostedion vitruem) in three Manitoba lakes. Canadian Journal of Zoology73, 367–372.
Cruz, P. , Ramirez, J. L. , Garcia, G. A. , and Ibarra, A. M. (1998). Genetic differences between two populations of catarina scallop (Argopecten ventricosus) for adaptations for growth and survival in a stressful environment. Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)166, 321–335.
Dawe, E. G. (1988). Length–weight relationships for short-finned squid in Newfoundland and the effect of diet on condition and growth. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society117, 591–599.
Forsythe, J. W.
(1993). A working hypothesis of how seasonal temperature change may impact the field growth of young cephalopods. In