Architecture of four tree species from different strata of a semideciduous forest in southern Brazil
Thaís M. Haddad A C , Mariana F. Hertel A , Edmilson Bianchini B and José A. Pimenta B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brasil.
B Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Cx. Postal 10.011, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brasil.
C Corresponding author. Email: mhthais@hotmail.com
Australian Journal of Botany 64(2) 89-99 https://doi.org/10.1071/BT15199
Submitted: 29 August 2015 Accepted: 17 December 2015 Published: 26 February 2016
Abstract
The present study was conducted in a semideciduous Brazilian forest to verify whether there were architectural differences during development among tree species that differ in adult stature, such that understorey species maximise light interception and canopy and emergent species maximise height gain to rapidly reach high light environments. The crown illumination index and light interception index of individual trees as well as the variation in form among the understorey species were also analysed. Two understorey, one canopy and one emergent species were chosen, and the individuals were divided into height classes. Architectural comparisons among individuals were evaluated using allometry; crown illumination and light interception indices were compared among species. All comparisons were made within each height class. The two understorey species presented some differences in growth form, but both exhibited greater investment in the crown than did the canopy and emergent species. The crown illumination index did not differ among species, but the light interception index was higher for the understorey species. The results indicated that architectural differences between the studied species arise predominantly because species belong to different strata of the forest. Comparison within height classes was important because it allowed us to evaluate species architectural characteristics throughout plant development that cannot be detected using a single height-class comparison or that can be neglected if individuals of different heights are compared.
Additional keywords: allometry, canopy species, crown illumination index, emergent species, light interception index, ontogeny, tree architecture, understorey species.
References
Alves LF, Santos FAM (2002) Tree allometry and crown shape of four tree species in Atlantic rain forest, south-east Brazil. Journal of Tropical Ecology 18, 245–260.| Tree allometry and crown shape of four tree species in Atlantic rain forest, south-east Brazil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Alves LF, Martins FR, Santos FAM (2004) Allometry of a neotropical palm, Euterpe edulis Mart. Acta Botanica Brasílica 18, 369–374.
| Allometry of a neotropical palm, Euterpe edulis Mart.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Archibald S, Bond WJ (2003) Growing tall vs growing wide: tree architecture and allometry of Acacia karroo in forest, savanna, and arid environments. Oikos 102, 3–14.
| Growing tall vs growing wide: tree architecture and allometry of Acacia karroo in forest, savanna, and arid environments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Batista NA, Bianchini E, Carvalho ES, Pimenta JA (2014) Architecture of tree species of different strata developing in environments with the same light intensity in a semideciduous forest in southern Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasílica 28, 34–45.
| Architecture of tree species of different strata developing in environments with the same light intensity in a semideciduous forest in southern Brazil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bianchini E, Pimenta JA, Santos FAM (2001) Spatial and temporal variation in the canopy cover in a tropical semi-deciduous forest. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 44, 269–276.
| Spatial and temporal variation in the canopy cover in a tropical semi-deciduous forest.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bianchini E, Popolo RS, Dias MC, Pimenta JA (2003) Diversidade e estrutura de espécies arbóreas em área alagável do município de Londrina, Sul do Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasílica 17, 405–419.
| Diversidade e estrutura de espécies arbóreas em área alagável do município de Londrina, Sul do Brasil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bohlman S, O’Brien S (2006) Allometry, adult stature and regeneration requirement of 65 tree species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, 123–136.
| Allometry, adult stature and regeneration requirement of 65 tree species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bongers F, Popma J, Castillo JM, Carabias J (1988) Structure and floristic composition of the low-land rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, México. Vegetatio 74, 55–80.
| Structure and floristic composition of the low-land rain forest of Los Tuxtlas, México.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Clark DA, Clark DB (1992) Life history diversity of canopy and emergent trees in a neotropical rain forest. Ecological Monographs 62, 315–344.
| Life history diversity of canopy and emergent trees in a neotropical rain forest.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Das Chagas e Silva FC, Soares-Silva LH (2000) Arboreal flora of the Godoy Forest State Park, Londrina, PR, Brasil. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 57, 107–120.
| Arboreal flora of the Godoy Forest State Park, Londrina, PR, Brasil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
EMBRAPA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária) (1999) ‘Sistema Brasileiro de classificação de Solos.’ (Embrapa Solos: Rio de Janeiro)
Fox J (2005) The R Commander: A Basic Statistics Graphical User Interface to R. Journal of Statistical Software 14, 1–42.
Giraudoux P (2013) ‘pgirmess: Data analysis in ecology’ Available at http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pgirmess [Verified 25 August 2014]
Hulshof CM, Swenson NG, Weiser MD (2015) Tree height–diameter allometry across the United States. Ecology and Evolution 5, 1193–1204.
| Tree height–diameter allometry across the United States.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25859325PubMed |
Iida Y, Kohyama TS, Kubo T, Kassim AR, Poorter L, Sterck F, Potts MD (2011) Tree architecture and life-history strategies across 200 co-occurring tropical tree species. Functional Ecology 25, 1260–1268.
| Tree architecture and life-history strategies across 200 co-occurring tropical tree species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
King DA (1990) Allometry of saplings and understory trees of Panamanian forest. Functional Ecology 4, 27–32.
| Allometry of saplings and understory trees of Panamanian forest.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
King DA (1996) Allometry and life history of tropical trees. Journal of Tropical Ecology 12, 25–44.
| Allometry and life history of tropical trees.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
King DA, Clark DA (2011) Allometry of emergent tree species from saplings to above-canopy adults in a Costa Rica rain forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 27, 573–579.
| Allometry of emergent tree species from saplings to above-canopy adults in a Costa Rica rain forest.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
King DA, Davies SJ, Nur Supardi MN, Tan SJ (2005) Tree growth is related to light interception and wood density in two mixed dipterocarp forest of Malaysia. Functional Ecology 19, 445–453.
| Tree growth is related to light interception and wood density in two mixed dipterocarp forest of Malaysia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
King DA, Wright SJ, Connell JH (2006) The contribution of interspecific variation in maximum tree height to tropical and temperate diversity. Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, 11–24.
Kohyama T (1987) Significance of architecture and allometry in saplings. Functional Ecology 1, 399–404.
| Significance of architecture and allometry in saplings.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kohyama T, Hotta M (1990) Significance of allometry in tropical saplings. Functional Ecology 4, 515–521.
| Significance of allometry in tropical saplings.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kohyama T, Takada T (2009) The stratification theory for plant coexistence promoted by one-sided competition. Journal of Ecology 97, 463–471.
| The stratification theory for plant coexistence promoted by one-sided competition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kohyama T, Suzuki K, Partomihardjo T, Yamada T, Kubo T (2003) Tree species differentiation in growth, recruitment and allometry in relation to maximum height in a Bornean mixed dipterocarp forest. Journal of Ecology 91, 797–806.
| Tree species differentiation in growth, recruitment and allometry in relation to maximum height in a Bornean mixed dipterocarp forest.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kooyman RM, Westoby M (2009) Costs of height gain in rainforest saplings: main-stem scaling, functional traits and strategy variation across 75 species. Annals of Botany 104, 987–993.
| Costs of height gain in rainforest saplings: main-stem scaling, functional traits and strategy variation across 75 species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 19635742PubMed |
Lorenzi H (2002a) ‘Árvores Brasileiras: manual de identificação e cultivo de plantas arbóreas nativas do Brasil.’ (Instituto Plantarum: Nova Odessa, Brazil)
Lorenzi H (2002b) ‘Árvores Brasileiras. manual de identificação e cultivo de plantas arbóreas nativas do Brasil.’ (Instituto Plantarum: Nova Odessa, Brazil)
Niklas KJ (1994) ‘Plant allometry: the scaling of form and process.’ (The University of Chicago Press: Chicago, IL)
Niklas KJ (1995) Size-dependent allometry of tree height, diameter and trunk taper. Annals of Botany 75, 217–227.
| Size-dependent allometry of tree height, diameter and trunk taper.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Niklas KJ, Cobb ED, Marler T (2006) A comparison between the record height-to-stem diameter allometries of pachycaulis and laptocaulis spcecies. Annals of Botany 97, 79–83.
| A comparison between the record height-to-stem diameter allometries of pachycaulis and laptocaulis spcecies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16254020PubMed |
O’Brien ST, Hubbell SP, Spiro P, Condit R, Foster RB (1995) Diameter, height, crown and age relationships in eight neotropical tree species. Ecology 76, 1926–1939.
| Diameter, height, crown and age relationships in eight neotropical tree species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Osada N (2011) Height-dependent changes in shoot structure and tree allometry in relation to maximum height in four deciduous tree species. Functional Ecology 25, 777–786.
| Height-dependent changes in shoot structure and tree allometry in relation to maximum height in four deciduous tree species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Osunkoya OO, Omar-Ali K, Amit N, Dayan J, Daud DS, Sheng TK (2007) Comparative-crown allometry and mechanical design in 22 tree species of Kuala Belalong rainforest, Brunei, Borneo. American Journal of Botany 94, 1951–1962.
| Comparative-crown allometry and mechanical design in 22 tree species of Kuala Belalong rainforest, Brunei, Borneo.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21636390PubMed |
Perina BB (2011) Fenologia de espécies arbóreas de uma floresta estacional semidecidual do Sul do Brasil. Master Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
Poorter L, Werger MJA (1999) Light environment, sapling architecture, and leaf display in six rain forest tree species. American Journal of Botany 86, 1464–1473.
| Light environment, sapling architecture, and leaf display in six rain forest tree species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3Mngs1GmtA%3D%3D&md5=6286aebff0d640a0d002123641eea8bdCAS | 10523286PubMed |
Poorter I, Bongers F, Sterck FJ, Woll H (2003) Architecture of 53 rain forest tree species differing in adult stature and shade tolerance. Ecology 84, 602–608.
| Architecture of 53 rain forest tree species differing in adult stature and shade tolerance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Poorter L, Bongers L, Bongers F (2006) Architecture of 54 moist-forest tree species: traits, trade-off, and functional groups. Ecology 87, 1289–1301.
| Architecture of 54 moist-forest tree species: traits, trade-off, and functional groups.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16761607PubMed |
R Core Team (2013) ‘R: a language and environment for statistical computing’. (R Foundation for Statistical Computing: Vienna, Austria). Available at http://www.R-project.org/ [Verified 25 August 2014)
Rozendaal DMA, During HJ, Sterck FJ, Asscheman D, Wiegeraad J, Zuidema PA (2015) Long-term growth patterns of juvenile trees from a Bolivian tropical moist forest: shifting investments in diameter growth and height growth. Journal of Tropical Ecology 31, 519–529.
| Long-term growth patterns of juvenile trees from a Bolivian tropical moist forest: shifting investments in diameter growth and height growth.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Smith LB, Downs RJ, Klein RM (1988) Euforbiáceas. In ‘Flora ilustrada Catarinense’. (Ed. R Reitz) pp.291–295. (Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues: Itajaí, Brasil)
Soares-Silva LH, Barroso GM (1992) Fitossociologia do estrato arbóreo da floresta na porção norte do Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, Londrina, PR, Brasil. In ‘Anais do VIII Congresso da Sociedade Botânica de São Paulo (Ed. GM Felippe) pp. 101–112 (Sociedade Botânica de São Paulo: São Paulo, Brasil)
Sterck FJ, Bongers F (1998) Ontogenetic changes in size, allometry, and mechanical design of tropical rain forest trees. American Journal of Botany 85, 266–272.
| Ontogenetic changes in size, allometry, and mechanical design of tropical rain forest trees.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3MnhslSksg%3D%3D&md5=89c6627044dc51968b0b6f4636f32d73CAS |
Sterck FJ, Bongers F (2001) Crown development in tropical rain forest trees: patterns with tree height and light availability. Journal of Ecology 89, 1–13.
| Crown development in tropical rain forest trees: patterns with tree height and light availability.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sterck FJ, Bongers F, Newbery DM (2001) Tree architecture in a Bornean lowland rain forest: intraspecific and interspecific patterns. Plant Ecology 153, 279–292.
| Tree architecture in a Bornean lowland rain forest: intraspecific and interspecific patterns.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sterck FJ, Martinéz-Ramos M, Dyer-Leal MG, Rodríguez-Velázquez J, Poorter L (2003) The consequences of crown traits for the growth and survival of tree saplings in a Mexican lowland rainforest. Functional Ecology 17, 194–200.
| The consequences of crown traits for the growth and survival of tree saplings in a Mexican lowland rainforest.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Thomas SC (1996) Asymptotic height as a predictor of growth and allometric characteristics in Malaysian rain forest trees. American Journal of Botany 83, 556–566.
| Asymptotic height as a predictor of growth and allometric characteristics in Malaysian rain forest trees.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Turner IM (2001) ‘The ecology of trees in tropical rain forest.’ (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK)
van Gelder HA, Poorter L, Sterck FJ (2006) Wood mechanics, allometry, and life-history variation in a tropical rain forest tree community. New Phytologist 171, 367–378.
| Wood mechanics, allometry, and life-history variation in a tropical rain forest tree community.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28vksFansw%3D%3D&md5=b7d8e0ba7cfab059323e70de4ce4786fCAS | 16866943PubMed |
Vicente RR (2006) O parque estadual mata dos Godoy. In ‘Ecologia do parque estadual mata dos Godoy’. (Eds JMD Torezan) pp. 13–18. (Itedes: Londrina, Brazil)
Vieilledent G, Courbaud B, Kunstler G, Dhôte JF, Clark JS (2010) Individual variability in tree allometry determines light resource allocation in forest ecosystems: a hierarchical Bayesian approach. Oecologia 163, 759–773.
| Individual variability in tree allometry determines light resource allocation in forest ecosystems: a hierarchical Bayesian approach.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20169451PubMed |
Warton DI, Weber NC (2002) Common slope tests for errors-in-variables models. Biometrical Journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift 44, 161–174.
| Common slope tests for errors-in-variables models.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Warton DI, Wright IJ, Falster DS, Westoby M (2006) Bivariate line-fitting methods for allometry. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 81, 259–291.
| Bivariate line-fitting methods for allometry.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 16573844PubMed |
Warton DI, Duursma RA, Falster DS, Taskinen S (2012) smatr 3 - an R package for estimation and inference about allometric lines. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 3, 257–259.
Yamada T, Yamakura T, Lee HS (2000) Architectural and allometric differences among Scaphium species are related to microhabitat preferences. Functional Ecology 14, 731–737.
| Architectural and allometric differences among Scaphium species are related to microhabitat preferences.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yamada T, Ngakan OP, Suzuki E (2005) Differences in growth trajectory and strategy of two sympatric congeneric species in an Indonesian floodplain forest. American Journal of Botany 92, 45–52.
| Differences in growth trajectory and strategy of two sympatric congeneric species in an Indonesian floodplain forest.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 21652383PubMed |
