Impact of short-rotation Acacia hybrid plantations on soil properties of degraded lands in Central Vietnam
Tran Lam Dong A C E , Richard Doyle A , Chris L. Beadle A B , Ross Corkrey A and Nguyen Xuan Quat D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture (TIA) and School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
B CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Private Bag 12, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
C Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam.
D Vietnam Association of Forest Sciences and Technology, 114 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam.
E Corresponding author. Email: Dong.Tran@utas.edu.au; Dong.Tran@vafs.gov.vn
Soil Research 52(3) 271-281 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR13166
Submitted: 29 May 2013 Accepted: 24 November 2013 Published: 31 March 2014
Abstract
Acacia hybrid (A. mangium × A. auriculiformis) is the main species planted for short-rotation forestry in Vietnam. In this study, the effect of these plantations on some key properties of degraded gravelly soils in Central Vietnam was assessed. Soil samples were collected from second- or third-rotation plantations representative of five age classes (0.5–5 years old), and in adjacent abandoned lands as controls. Compared with abandoned land, stock of total soil carbon (C) was significantly higher at ages 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 5 years (18.4–19.5 v. 13.0 Mg ha–1), total nitrogen (N) at 0.5 and 1.5 years (1.5–1.7 v. 1.0 Mg ha–1), exchangeable calcium at 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 years (215–294 v. 42 Mg ha–1), magnesium at 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 years (39–48 v. 19 Mg ha–1), and sodium at all ages (46–59 v. 5 Mg ha–1). Electrical conductivity was significantly higher at all ages (58.5–69.4 v. 32.7 µS cm–1). Differences in extractable phosphorus and exchangeable potassium were not significantly different between plantations and abandoned land. Bulk density was significantly lower in plantations than abandoned land at all ages (1.36–1.42 v. 1.55 Mg ha–1), pHCaCl2 at 0.5 and 5 years (3.78–3.84 v. 3.98), and pHH2O at 5 years (4.30 v. 4.52). Because the soils were gravelly, differences in concentration of total C and nutrients between abandoned land and plantations were not the same as those for stocks after correction for gravel content and bulk density. Within a rotation, most soil properties did not change significantly with plantation age, although they appeared to decrease during the first 3 years; total C then recovered to initial levels, but total N and exchangeable cations remained lower. Some soil properties were strongly related to gravel content and elevation, but not to growth rate. We conclude that consecutive plantings of short-rotation Acacia hybrid on degraded and abandoned land can lead to changes in some soil properties.
Additional keywords: degraded land, gravelly soil, nitrogen fixation, nutrient stock, soil amelioration.
References
Amat JP, Boi PT, Robert A, Nghi TH (2010) Can fast-growing species form high-quality forests in Vietnam, examples in Thua Thien Hue province. Bois et Forests des Tropiques 305, 67–76.Astera M (2010) Soil CEC explained: understanding, measuring and using cation exchange capacity for nutritious crops. ACRES 40,
Bernhard-Reversat F (1996) Nitrogen cycling in tree plantations grown on a poor sandy savanna soil in Congo. Applied Soil Ecology 4, 161–172.
| Nitrogen cycling in tree plantations grown on a poor sandy savanna soil in Congo.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Binh NT (2003) Yield table of monocultural Acacia hybird plantations. Forestry University of Vietnam, Xuan Mai, Vietnam.
Binh NN, Tuan PD, Thua LT, Quan NH, Apel U, Vinh NH, Chuong H, Thanh NT, Phong D (2004) ‘Forest plantation.’ (Transportation Publisher: Hanoi, Vietnam)
Binkley D, Giardina C (1997) Nitrogen fixation in tropical forest plantations. In ‘Management of soil, nutrients and water in tropical plantation forests’. (Eds EKS Nambiar, AG Brown.) pp. 297–337. (ACIAR/CSIRO/CIFOR: Canberra, ACT)
Brockwell J, Searle SD, Jeavons AC, Waayers M (2005) ‘Nitrogen fixation in acacias: an untapped resource for sustainable plantations, farm forestry and land reclamation.’ ACIAR Monograph. (ACIAR: Canberra, ACT)
Bueren M (2004) ‘Acacia hybrid in Vietnam.’ ACIAR No. 27. (ACIAR: Canberra, ACT)
Cole TG, Yost RS, Kablan R, Olsen T (1996) Growth potential of twelve acacia species on acid soils in Hawaii. Forest Ecology and Management 80, 175–186.
| Growth potential of twelve acacia species on acid soils in Hawaii.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Craswell ET, Lefroy RDB (2001) The role and function of organic matter in tropical soils. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 61, 7–18.
| The role and function of organic matter in tropical soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dunnett CW (1955) A multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control. Journal of the American Statistical Association 50, 1096–1121.
| A multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
El Tahir BAE, Ahmed DM, Ardo J, Gaafar AM, Salih AA (2009) Changes in soil properties following conversion of Acacia senegal plantation to other land management systems in North Kordofan State, Sudan. Journal of Arid Environments 73, 499–505.
| Changes in soil properties following conversion of Acacia senegal plantation to other land management systems in North Kordofan State, Sudan.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Forrester DI, Bauhus J, Cowie AL, Vanclay JK (2006) Mixed-species plantation of Eucalyptus with nitrogen-fixing trees: A review. Forest Ecology and Management 233, 211–230.
| Mixed-species plantation of Eucalyptus with nitrogen-fixing trees: A review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Galiana A, Balle P, Kanga ANG, Domenach AM (2002) Nitrogen fixation estimated by the 15N natural abundance method in Acacia mangium Willd. inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. and grown in silvicultural conditions. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 34, 251–262.
| Nitrogen fixation estimated by the 15N natural abundance method in Acacia mangium Willd. inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. and grown in silvicultural conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gersani M, Brown JS, O’Brien EE, Maina GM, Abramsky Z (2001) Tragedy of the commons as a result of root competition. Journal of Ecology 89, 660–669.
| Tragedy of the commons as a result of root competition.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hardiyanto EB, Wicaksono A (2008) ‘Inter-rotation site management, stand growth and soil properties in Acacia mangium plantations in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Site management and productivity in tropical plantation forests.’ Piracicaba, Brazil and Bogor, Indonesia. (Ed. EKS Nambiar) (CIFOR: Bogor, Indonesia)
Haynes RJ (1990) Active ion uptake and maintenance of cation-anion balance: A critical examination of their role in regulating rhizosphere pH. Plant and Soil 126, 247–264.
| Active ion uptake and maintenance of cation-anion balance: A critical examination of their role in regulating rhizosphere pH.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Heneghan L, Miller SP, Baer S, Callaham MA, Montgomery J, Pavao-Zuckerman M, Rhoades CC, Richardson S (2008) Integrating soil ecological knowledge into restoration management. Restoration Ecology 16, 608–617.
| Integrating soil ecological knowledge into restoration management.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Huong VD, Quang LT, Binh NT, Dung PT (2008) ‘Site management and productivity of Acacia auriculiformis plantations in South Vietnam. Site management and productivity in tropical plantation forests.’ Piracicaba, Brazil and Bogor, Indonesia. (Ed. EKS Nambiar) (CIFOR: Bogor, Indonesia)
Kasongo RK, Van Ranst E, Verdoodt A, Kanyankagote P, Baert G (2009) Impact of Acacia auriculiformis on the chemical fertility of sandy soils on the Batéké plateau, D.R. Congo. Soil Use and Management 25, 21–27.
| Impact of Acacia auriculiformis on the chemical fertility of sandy soils on the Batéké plateau, D.R. Congo.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kha LD (2001) ‘Studies on the use of natural hybrids between A. mangium and A. auriculiformis in Vietnam.’ (Agriculture Publishing House: Hanoi)
Kha LD, Nghia NH, Lieu NX (2006) Forestry genetics and forest seed handling. In ‘Vietnam forestry sector manual’. (Eds NV Tu, VV Me, NH Nghia, NB Ngai, TV Hung, DQ Tung) (MARD: Hanoi, Vietnam)
Lal R (1996a) Deforestation and land-use effects on soil degradation and rehabilitation in western Nigeria. I. Soil physical and hydrological properties. Land Degradation & Development 7, 19–45.
| Deforestation and land-use effects on soil degradation and rehabilitation in western Nigeria. I. Soil physical and hydrological properties.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lal R (1996b) Deforestation and land-use effects on soil degradation and rehabilitation in western Nigeria. III. Runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss. Land Degradation & Development 7, 99–119.
| Deforestation and land-use effects on soil degradation and rehabilitation in western Nigeria. III. Runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lal R (1997) Deforestation effects on soil degradation and rehabilitation in western Nigeria. IV. Hydrology and water quality. Land Degradation & Development 8, 95–126.
| Deforestation effects on soil degradation and rehabilitation in western Nigeria. IV. Hydrology and water quality.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lal R, Hall GF, Miller FP (1989) Soil degradation: I. Basic processes. Land Degradation & Rehabilitation 1, 51–69.
| Soil degradation: I. Basic processes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lamb D (Eds M Palo, J Uusivuori (2011) ‘Greening the bare hills: Tropical forest restoration in the Asia-Pacific region.’ (Springer: New York)
Li Z, Lin Y, Peng SL (2000) Nutrient content in litterfall and its translocation in plantation forests in south China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 11, 321–326. [In Chinese]
Li Z, Peng SL, Rae D, Zhou G-Y (2001) Litter decomposition and nitrogen mineralisation of soils in subtropical plantation forests of Southern China, with special attention to comparisons between legumes and non-legumes. Plant and Soil 229, 105–116.
| Litter decomposition and nitrogen mineralisation of soils in subtropical plantation forests of Southern China, with special attention to comparisons between legumes and non-legumes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Macedo MO, Resende AS, Garcia PC, Boddey RM, Jantalia CP, Urquiaga S, Campello EFC, Franco AC (2008) Changes in soil C and N stocks and nutrient dynamics 13 years after recovery of degraded land using leguminous nitrogen-fixing trees. Forest Ecology and Management 255, 1516–1524.
| Changes in soil C and N stocks and nutrient dynamics 13 years after recovery of degraded land using leguminous nitrogen-fixing trees.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
MARD (2005) Vietnam National Report to Fifth Session of the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF). Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam.
McDonald RC, Isbell RF, Speight JG, Walker J, Hopkins MS (1998) ‘Australian soil and land survey field handbook.’ (CSIRO: Canberra, ACT)
McNamara S, Tinh DV, Erskine PD, Lamb D, Yates D, Brown S (2006) Rehabilitating degraded forest land in central Vietnam with mixed native species plantings. Forest Ecology and Management 233, 358–365.
| Rehabilitating degraded forest land in central Vietnam with mixed native species plantings.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Munns DN, Franco AA (1982) Soil constraints to legume production. In ‘Biological nitrogen fixation technology for tropical agriculture’. (Eds PH Graham, SC Harris) pp. 133–152. (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT): Cali, Columbia)
Norisada M, Hitsuma G, Kuroda K, Yamanoshita T, Masumori M, Tange T, Yagi H, Nuyim T, Sasaki S, Kojima K (2005) Acacia mangium, a nurse tree candidate for reforestation on degraded sandy soils in the Malay Peninsula. Forest Science 51, 498–510.
O’Brien EE, Brown JS (2008) Games roots play: effects of soil volume and nutrients. Journal of Ecology 96, 438–446.
| Games roots play: effects of soil volume and nutrients.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Paul KI, Polglase PJ, Nyakuengama JG, Khanna PK (2002) Change in soil carbon following afforestation. Forest Ecology and Management 168, 241–257.
| Change in soil carbon following afforestation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Que ND, Giang DT, Thang NV (2010) ‘Site classification for establishing commercial plantations of some major tree species in different ecological regions in Vietnam.’ (Agricultural Publishing House: Hanoi)
Rayment GE, Higginson FR (1992) ‘Australian laboratory handbook of soil and water chamical methods.’ (Inkata Press: Melbourne)
Sam DD, Que ND, Siem NT, Binh NN (2006) ‘Forest soils, nutrition and management.’ (In Vietnamese.) (Transportation Publisher: Hanoi)
Sang PM, Lamb D, Bonner M, Schmidt S (2013) Carbon sequestration and soil fertility of tropical tree plantations and secondary forest established on degraded land. Plant and Soil 362, 187–200.
| Carbon sequestration and soil fertility of tropical tree plantations and secondary forest established on degraded land.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schiavo JA, Busato JG, Martins MA, Canellas LP (2009) Recovery of degraded areas revegetated with Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus with special reference to organic matter humification. Scientia Agrícola 66, 353–360.
| Recovery of degraded areas revegetated with Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus with special reference to organic matter humification.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sprent JI (1999) Nitrogen fixation and growth of non-crop legume species in diverse environments. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 2, 149–162.
| Nitrogen fixation and growth of non-crop legume species in diverse environments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sun JS, Sands R, Simpson RJ (1992) Genotypic variation in growth and nodulation by seedlings of acacia species. Forest Ecology and Management 55, 209–223.
| Genotypic variation in growth and nodulation by seedlings of acacia species.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sunderlin WD, Ba HT (2005) ‘Porverty alleviation and forests in Vietnam.’ (CIFOR: Bogor, Indonesia)
Tang CDR Williamson (Ed.) (1997) Soil acidification under legumes—a review. In ‘The Fourth Triennial Western Australian Soil Science Conference’. Geraldton, Western Australia. (Australian Society of Soil Science Inc., WA Branch: Perth, W. Aust.)
Tang C, McLay CDA, Barton L (1997) A comparison of proton excretion of twelve pasture legumes grown in nutrient solution. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, 563–570.
| A comparison of proton excretion of twelve pasture legumes grown in nutrient solution.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tang C, Unkovich MJ, Bowden JW (1999) Factors affecting soil acidification under legumes. III. Acid production by N2-fixing legumes as influenced by nitrate supply. New Phytologist 143, 513–521.
| Factors affecting soil acidification under legumes. III. Acid production by N2-fixing legumes as influenced by nitrate supply.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
The World Bank (2013) ‘Forestry sector development project.’ The World Bank. Available at www.worldbank.org/projects/P066051/forest-sector-development-project?lang=en
Thua Thien Hue Statistical Office (2010) ‘Thua Thien Hue statistical yearbook 2009.’ (Thua Thien Hue Statictical Office: Hue, Vietnam)
Tsukamoto J, Sabang J (2005) Soil macro-fauna in an Acacia mangium plantation in comparison to that in a primary mixed dipterocarp forest in the lowlands of Sarawak, Malaysia. Pedobiologia 49, 69–80.
| Soil macro-fauna in an Acacia mangium plantation in comparison to that in a primary mixed dipterocarp forest in the lowlands of Sarawak, Malaysia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Turnbull JW, Midgley SJ, Cossalter C (1998) ‘Tropical acacias planted in Asia: an overview.’ Recent developments in acacia planting. Hanoi. (ACIAR: Canberra, ACT)
Verheye W (2006) Management of agricultural land: chemical and fertility aspects. In ‘Land use, land cover and soil sciences’. (Ed. WH Verheye) (UNESCO-EOLSS Publishers: Oxford, UK)
Walker TW, Syers JK (1976) The fate of phosphorus during pedegenesis. Geoderma 15, 1–19.
| The fate of phosphorus during pedegenesis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wang F, Li Z, Xia H, Zou B, Li N, Liu J, Zhu W (2010a) Effects of nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing tree species on soil properties and nitrogen transformation during forest restoration in southern China. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 56, 297–306.
| Effects of nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing tree species on soil properties and nitrogen transformation during forest restoration in southern China.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wang F, Zhu W, Xia H, Fu S, Li Z (2010b) Nitrogen mineralization and leaching in the early stages of a subtropical reforestation in Southern China. Restoration Ecology 18, 313–322.
| Nitrogen mineralization and leaching in the early stages of a subtropical reforestation in Southern China.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yamashita N, Ohta S, Hardjono A (2008) Soil changes induced by Acacia mangium plantation establishment: comparison with secondary forest and Imperata cylindrica grassland soils in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Forest Ecology and Management 254, 362–370.
| Soil changes induced by Acacia mangium plantation establishment: comparison with secondary forest and Imperata cylindrica grassland soils in South Sumatra, Indonesia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yang L, Liu N, Ren H, Wang J (2009) Facilitation by two exotic acacias: Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium as nurse plants in South China. Forest Ecology and Management 257, 1786–1793.
| Facilitation by two exotic acacias: Acacia auriculiformis and Acacia mangium as nurse plants in South China.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yüksek T, Kurdoğlu O, Yüksek F (2010) The effects of land use changes and management types on surface soil properties in Kafkasör protected area in Artvin, Turkey. Land Degradation & Development 21, 582–590.
| The effects of land use changes and management types on surface soil properties in Kafkasör protected area in Artvin, Turkey.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
