A taxonomic revision of Australian northern sandalwood (Santalum lanceolatum, Santalaceae)
Danica T. HarbaughUniversity and Jepson Herbaria, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, 1001 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, California 94720-2465, USA. Email: danicah@berkeley.edu
Australian Systematic Botany 20(5) 409-416 https://doi.org/10.1071/SB07009
Submitted: 2 March 2007 Accepted: 10 July 2007 Published: 8 November 2007
Abstract
A previously published molecular phylogenetic analysis of the sandalwood genus, Santalum L. (Santalaceae), identified that the Australian endemic northern sandalwood, S. lanceolatum R.Br., is not monophyletic and contains a distinct, yet cryptic, lineage within it as currently circumscribed. This study examines nuclear ribosomal gene sequences of additional specimens from across its geographic range, and 30 morphological characters, in order to revise the taxonomy of S. lanceolatum sensu lat. (s.l.) and the segregate species that should bear the name S. leptocladum Gand. Santalum lanceolatum sensu stricto (s.s.) is distributed in the humid to subhumid regions of northern Australia north of 20°S latitude, whereas S. leptocladum occurs in the arid and temperate regions of central and southern Australia. Putative interspecific hybrids were discovered in two localities, and may represent either natural or human-mediated hybridisation. The results of this study have major economic and conservation implications because S. lanceolatum s.s., which is known to have higher levels of fragrance compounds than S. leptocladum, has a much more restricted range than previously thought.
Acknowledgements
This study represents work completed as part of my PhD dissertation research at the University of California, Berkeley. I thank my advisor B. Baldwin for his advice and comments on the manuscript; A. Smith and W. Wagner for their comments on the manuscript and help with the taxonomy; two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript; T. Page for providing plant material; L. Ocampo and B. Lepschi for their assistance in the field; and the following institutions for loan of herbarium material used in these analyses: BM, CANB, K, and UC. This research was partly funded by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, a Department of Integrative Biology Graduate Research Grant (UC Berkeley), a Botany in Action Travel Grant (Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens), an American Society for Plant Taxonomists Graduate Research Grant, a Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation Lawrence Memorial Award, and a Santa Barbara Scholarship Foundation Graduate Fellowship.
Baldwin BG
(2000) Roles for modern plant systematics in discovery and conservation of fine-scale biodiversity. Madrono 47, 219–229.
Bastrop R,
Jurss K, Sturmbauer C
(1998) Cryptic species in marine polychaetes and their independent introduction from North America to Europe. Molecular Biology and Evolution 15, 97–103.
| PubMed |
Bradfield AE,
Francis EM,
Penfold AR, Simonsen JL
(1936) Lanceol, a sesquiterpene alcohol from the oil of Santalum lanceolatum. Journal of the Chemical Society , 1619–1625.
Chan R,
Baldwin BG, Ornduff R
(2002) Cryptic goldfields: a molecular phylogenetic reinvestigation of Lasthenia californica sensu lato and close relatives (Compositae: Heliantheae sensu lato). American Journal of Botany 89, 1103–1112.
Doran JC,
Thomson L,
Brophy JJ,
Goldsack B,
Bulai P,
Faka’osi T, Mokoia T
(2005b) Variation in heartwood oil composition of young sandalwood trees in the south Pacific (Santalum yasi, S. album and F1 hybrids in Fiji, and S. yasi in Tonga and Niue). Sandalwood Research Newsletter 20, 3–7.
Gardner CA
(1929) A taxonomic study of the genus Santalum with special reference to the sandalwoods of Australia. Forests Department Western Australia 44, 1–10.
Gleeson DM,
Howitt RLJ, Ling N
(1999) Genetic variation, population structure and cryptic species within the black mudfish, Neochanna diversus, an endemic galaxiid from New Zealand. Molecular Ecology 8, 47–57.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Harbaugh DT, Baldwin BG
(2007) Phylogeny and biogeography of the sandalwoods (Santalum, Santalaceae): repeated dispersals throughout the Pacific. American Journal of Botany 94, 1028–1040.
Jones TGH, Smith FB
(1930) The volatile oil of Queensland sandalwood. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 41, 17–22.
Jones TGH, Smith FB
(1931) The volatile oil of Queensland sandalwood. The Perfumery and Essential Oil Record 22, 47–48.
Keenan R
(1996) Santalum lanceolatum in Queensland. Sandalwood Research Newsletter 5, 1–2.
Penfold AR
(1928) The chemistry of Western Australian sandalwood oil, part 1. Journal of the Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 62, 60–71.
Roy BA,
Vogler DR,
Bruns TD, Szaro TM
(1998) Cryptic species in the Puccinia monoica complex. Mycologia 90, 846–853.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Taylor D,
Swift S, Collins S
(2000) Testing growth and survival of four sandalwood species in Queensland. Sandalwood Research Newsletter 10, 6–8.
Warburton CL,
James EA,
Fripp YJ,
Trueman SJ, Wallace HM
(2000) Clonality and sexual reproductive failure in remnant populations of Santalum lanceolatum (Santalaceae). Biological Conservation 96, 45–54.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |