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RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)

Ecological status of Urdaibai Biosphere reserve based on bacterial communities in a small-drainage estuary

Mikel Aguirre https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5823-2777 A B , David Abad A C , Aitor Albaina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3353-6090 D , Mikel Gutiérrez-Muto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8025-3563 A , Jorge Langa A , Marisol Goñi-Urriza E , Maite Orruño F , Inés Arana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5734-6924 F , Andone Estonba A and Iratxe Zarraonaindia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-0187 A G *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.

B Anbiolab – Anbiotek Biotechnologies S.L., 612, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain.

C Molecular Biology and Microbiology Laboratory, Agricultural Technical Institute of Castilla y León (ITACyL), Valladolid, Spain.

D Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.

E CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays l’Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, Pau, France.

F Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.

G IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.

* Correspondence to: iratxe.zarraonaindia@ehu.eus

Handling Editor: Anthony Chariton

Marine and Freshwater Research 74(8) 651-664 https://doi.org/10.1071/MF22072
Submitted: 15 April 2021  Accepted: 5 April 2023   Published: 5 May 2023

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)

Abstract

Context: The influence of anthropogenic pressures on plankton communities in well-flushed estuaries has been overlooked. Owing to this ecosystem’s short water-residence time, they are foreseen to be mainly composed of microorganisms from neritic–oceanic sources, more resilient to anthropogenic impacts.

Aims: This study characterises the bacterioplankton of Urdaibai, a small-drainage estuary located at a UNESCO biosphere reserve, to unravel its annual dynamic and ecological status.

Methods: Amplicon sequencing was used to assess the euhaline bacterioplankton shifts and microgAMBI index depicted the ecological status of the estuary.

Key results: A differentiated community was identified in upstream waters throughout the year. In addition, organisms commonly associated with faecal waste were detected. The ecological status of the estuary was poor or moderate along the annual cycle, but surprisingly worsened during winter.

Conclusions: The above suggests that the bacterial community dynamic in this well-fluxed small-drainage estuary is more complex than anticipated. Importantly, the analysis of pollution-indicative bacteria proved that the water policy of this estuary needs to be further evaluated.

Implications: The completion of an efficient sewage treatment system for this protected and touristic estuary is strongly recommended. Incorporating bacterial information to its current monitoring system will constitute a useful and valuable tool.

Keywords: 16S rDNA, amplicon sequencing, anthropogenic impact, bacterioplankton, biosphere reserve, drainage estuary, ecological status, spatio-temporal study.


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