Redescription of Calanoides carinatus (Krøyer) (Copepoda : Calanoida : Calanidae) with a discussion on the status of related species
Marina E. Sabatini A B D , Fernando C. Ramírez A B and Janet Bradford-Grieve CA Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET, Argentina).
B Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Paseo Victoria Ocampo N° 1, Escollera Norte, B7602HSA Mar del Plata, Argentina.
C c/– NIWA Wellington, 301 Evans Bay Parade, Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington, New Zealand.
D Corresponding author. Email: marsab@inidep.edu.ar
Invertebrate Systematics 21(4) 341-364 https://doi.org/10.1071/IS06050
Submitted: 16 November 2006 Accepted: 21 May 2007 Published: 20 September 2007
Abstract
The marine calanoid Calanoides carinatus s.l. (Krøyer, 1848) is a dominant species in productive coastal upwelling regions on the western coast of Africa, the east coast of South America and off Somalia in the Indian Ocean. However, its first description is very short and based on a single female specimen collected in the south-western Atlantic with ambiguity as to the type locality. As a consequence, it appears that closely related, but undescribed, species are still being identified as C. carinatus. We re-describe and illustrate the adult female and male of C. carinatus s.s. from specimens collected from Brazil. We currently restrict the distribution of this species sensu stricto to the coast of Brazil. Nevertheless, it may be distributed along the whole east coast of South America but confirmation of this conclusion awaits genetic evidence. Additional information is presented on the morphology of C. macrocarinatus (Brodsky, 1972) from off the coast of New Zealand, and Brazilian specimens of C. carinatus are compared with C. macrocarinatus. We discuss the status of Calanoides from other localities and consider the availability of names for species we predict may be differentiated from C. carinatus s.s. in the future.
Acknowledgements
We are indebted to Dr Ann Bucklin, Dr María Delia Viñas and their colleagues of Census of Marine Zooplankton for kindly advancing unpublished genetic data on Calanoides carinatus s.s. Examination of additional material of C. macrocarinatus by Dr Nina Vyshkvartzeva greatly contributed to clarify the identity of the species. We are grateful to Jorgen Olesen and Bjarne Bisballe at the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhague for the loan of the type sample of C. carinatus. Paula Israilson kindly helped prepare illustrations for publication and Tatiana Zirulnikov translated sections of Brodsky (1967, 1972) into Spanish. We specially thank INIDEP librarians for making available old books and documents with former descriptions. We recognise the constructive criticism by two anonymous reviewers on the previous versions of the manuscript. This work was partly funded by grants PEI No. 6290 from the Argentina National Research Council, CONICET (M. E. Sabatini) and contract C01X0219 from the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology (J. M. Bradford-Grieve). Sampling off Brazil and Dr F. Ramírez contract were financed by a collaborative research network grant from the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research CRN 61 and GEF Patagonia B-B-01. This is INIDEP contribution No. 1444.
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