Variation in root morphology and P acquisition efficiency among Trifolium subterraneum genotypes
Jonathan W. McLachlan
A B C , Rebecca E. Haling B , Richard J. Simpson B , Xiaoxi Li B , Richard J. Flavel A and Chris N. Guppy A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A University of New England, School of Environmental and Rural Science, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
B CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
C Corresponding author. Email: jmclach7@une.edu.au
Crop and Pasture Science 70(11) 1015-1032 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP19078
Submitted: 21 February 2019 Accepted: 15 September 2019 Published: 29 November 2019
Abstract
Trifolium subterraneum L. is widely grown in the phosphorus (P) deficient soils of southern Australia. However, this pasture legume has a high critical external P requirement and requires frequent applications of P fertiliser to achieve high productivity. Twenty-six genotypes of T. subterraneum were grown to determine: (i) differences in shoot growth and P acquisition under low-P supply; (ii) the root morphological traits important for P acquisition; and (iii) the feasibility of selection among genotypes for these root morphological traits. Micro-swards of each genotype were grown with a topsoil layer that was either moderately P-deficient or had P supplied in excess of the critical requirement for maximum yield; the subsoil layer was P-deficient. Yield and P content of shoots and roots were determined after 5 weeks’ growth, and root samples were assessed for diameter, length and root hair length. All genotypes were equally highly productive when excess P was supplied. However, relative shoot yield in the moderately P-deficient soil ranged from 38–71%. Total root length ranged from 63–129 m pot–1, and was correlated with total plant P uptake (R2 = 0.78, P < 0.001). Variation was also observed in average root diameter (0.29–0.36 mm) and root hair length (0.19–0.33 mm). These traits were combined with root length to calculate the total surface area of the root hair cylinder, which was also correlated with total plant P uptake (R2 = 0.69, P < 0.001). The results demonstrated that there was significant variation in P acquisition efficiency and shoot yield among genotypes of T. subterraneum when grown in P-deficient soil, and that root length was important for improved P uptake. The results indicate potential to identify superior genotypes that achieve improved P acquisition and higher shoot yields in low-P soil.
Additional keywords: intraspecific variation, nutrient foraging roots, root mass allocation, subterranean clover.
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