Seismic, petrophysical and petrological constraints on the alteration of igneous rocks in the Northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: implications for petroleum exploration and drilling operations
Michael S. Curtis A * , Simon P. Holford A , Mark A. Bunch A and Nick J. Schofield B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Australian School of Petroleum and Energy Resources, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia.
B Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, Scotland.
* Correspondence to: michael.curtis@adelaide.edu.au
The APPEA Journal 62(1) 196-222 https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ21172
Submitted: 08 December 2021 Accepted: 20 January 2022 Published: 13 May 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of APPEA.
Abstract
The Northern Carnarvon Basin (NCB) hosts an extensive record of Jurassic–Cretaceous rift-related igneous activity, manifested by a >45 000 km2 intrusive complex and series of volcanic centres constrained by seismic mapping. However, there are relatively few well penetrations of these igneous rocks (<1% of ~1500 exploration wells) in comparison to other basins that witness extensive magmatism, and thus, their lithological and petrophysical characteristics are poorly understood. Here, we describe the properties of igneous rocks encountered in nine petroleum exploration wells and scientific boreholes in the NCB and evaluate their impacts on exploration and development issues. Igneous rocks in the NCB are characterised by pervasive alteration, with ramifications for seismic imaging and drilling. For example, low acoustic velocities in mafic lavas altered to clays in Toro-1 were mistaken for overpressure, whilst intrusive rocks in Palta-1 were initially unrecorded and only recognised due to subsequent post-drilling thermal history analysis. The alteration of mafic igneous rocks to clays reduces acoustic impedance contrasts relative to sedimentary host rocks, making their identification prior to drilling more challenging. Whilst the preferential emplacement of intrusive rocks in Triassic strata deeper than reservoir targets is primarily responsible for the paucity of well penetrations, our findings of extensive alteration of igneous rocks in the NCB suggests that additional wells may intersect as yet unrecognised intrusive or extrusive sequences.
Keywords: alteration, ash, Carnarvon, development, dyke, exploration, fluid, hazard, igneous, intrusion, intrusive, overpressure, petroleum, petrophysics, seismic, sill, swelling clay, tuff, volcanic, volcano, well logs.
Michael Curtis graduated from the University of Bristol, UK, with an MSc Geology degree in 2010. He moved to Perth shortly after to work in the West Australian mining industry. He worked as an Exploration Geologist with several small minerals exploration companies on nickel, copper, tungsten and potash projects. When the minerals industry collapsed in 2014, Michael transitioned into the petroleum industry, working at RISC Advisory as a Geoscience Consultant until 2017. Michael began his PhD at the Australian School of Petroleum and Energy Resources, University of Adelaide in 2018, where he is currently researching the impacts of Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous magmatism on petroleum systems of the Northern Carnarvon Basin. Michael has won several awards for the quality of his research, including the PESA Postgraduate Scholarship and an Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists (ASEG) Research Foundation Grant. Michael is a current and active member of PESA, ASEG and the Geological Society of Australia (GSA). |
Professor Simon Holford is the South Australian State Chair of Petroleum Geoscience at the Australian School of Petroleum and Energy Resources, University of Adelaide. He graduated with a BSc-Hons from Keele University in 2001 and a PhD from the University of Birmingham in 2006. His research interests are passive margins, deformation, uplift, magmatic evolution of rifted margins, sedimentary basins, and continental interiors and their impact on hydrocarbon exploration. Simon is a member of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), Americal Geophysical Union, GSA, Geological Society of London and PESA. |
Mark Bunch is a Senior Lecturer in Petroleum Geoscience at the Australian School of Petroleum and Energy Resources, University of Adelaide. He graduated with a BSc-Hons from Durham University in 2000, before completing an MSc in 2001 and then a PhD in 2006 at the University of Birmingham. His research interests include the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning to petroleum industry problems, formation evaluation and seismic geomorphology. Mark is a member of AAPG, ASEG, and PESA. |
Nick Schofield is a Reader in Igneous and Petroleum Geology at the University of Aberdeen. He gained his undergraduate degree in Geology from the University of Edinburgh, before undertaking a PhD at the University of Birmingham investigating the emplacement of sill intrusions. He has worked and published extensively on intrusive and extrusive volcanism within sedimentary basins globally and works closely with the petroleum industry on igneous-related aspects of the subsurface. |
References
Aarnes, I, Sense, H, Connolly, JA, and Podladchikov, YY (2010). How contact metamorphism can trigger global climate changes: Modeling gas generation around igneous sills in sedimentary basins. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74, 7179–7195.| How contact metamorphism can trigger global climate changes: Modeling gas generation around igneous sills in sedimentary basins.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Adamson K, Lang S, Marshall N, Seggie R, Adamson N, Bann K (2013) Understanding the Late Triassic Mungaroo and Brigadier Deltas of the Northern Carnarvon Basin, North West Shelf, Australia. In ‘West Australian Basins Symposium 2013, 18–21 August 2013, Perth, WA’.
Adewale D, Ogunrinde J (2010) Development of environmentally friendly oil based mud using palm-oil and groundnut-oil. Paper presented at the Nigeria Annual Internaiton Conference and Exhibition, July 31–August 7 2010. Paper number: SPE-140720-MS.
| Crossref |
Altaner SP (1978) Smectite group. In ‘Encyclopedia of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks’. (Eds GV Middleton, MJ Church, M Coniglio, LA Hardie, FJ Longstaffe) pp. 675–677. (Springer: The Netherlands: Dordrecht)
Anderson, R, Ratcliffe, I, Greenwell, H, Williams, P, Cliffe, S, and Coveney, P (2010). Clay swelling—a challenge in the oilfield. Earth-Science Reviews 98, 201–216.
| Clay swelling—a challenge in the oilfield.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ardakani, EP, Schmitt, DR, and Currie, CA (2018). Geophysical evidence for an igneous dike swarm, Buffalo Creek, Northeast Alberta. Bulletin 130, 1059–1072.
Black, M, McCormack, K, Elders, C, and Robertson, D (2017). Extensional fault evolution within the Exmouth Sub-basin, North West Shelf, Australia. Marine and Petroleum Geology 85, 301–315.
| Extensional fault evolution within the Exmouth Sub-basin, North West Shelf, Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cas R, Wright J (1988) ‘Volcanic successions modern and ancient: a geological approach to processes, products and successions.’ (Springer Science & Business Media)
Curtis, M, Holford, S, Bunch, M, and Schofield, N (2021). Controls on the preservation of Jurassic volcanism in the Northern Carnarvon Basin. The APPEA Journal 61, 600–605.
| Controls on the preservation of Jurassic volcanism in the Northern Carnarvon Basin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dale M (2015) ‘Palta 1 & Palta 1 ST1 Final Well Completion Report.’ (Shell Development (Australia) Pty Ltd)
Densley, MR, Hillis, RR, and Redfearn, JEP (2000). Quantification of uplift in the Carnarvon Basin based on interval velocities. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 47, 111–122.
| Quantification of uplift in the Carnarvon Basin based on interval velocities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Duddy I (2015) Thermal History Reconstruction in the Palta-1 well, Exmouth Sub-basin, offshore Western Australia using AFTA and VR Data; Appendix 4, Palta-1 Final Well Completion Report.
Exon NF, Buffler RT, Gradstein F, Ludden J (1992) Mesozoic seismic stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of the western Exmouth Plateau. In ‘Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results’. pp. 61–81. (ODP Ocean Drilling Program)
Fairley, J (2009). Modeling fluid flow in a heterogeneous, fault‐controlled hydrothermal system. Geofluids 9, 153–166.
| Modeling fluid flow in a heterogeneous, fault‐controlled hydrothermal system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Felton EA, Miyazaki S, Dowling L, Pain L, Vuckovic V, le Poidevin SR (1992) Carnarvon Basin, W.A. Australian Petroleum Accumulations Report 8. Department of Primary Industries and Energy Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, ACT.
Gibson P (2014) ‘Palta 1 & Palta 1 ST1 Initial Well Completion Report.’ (Shell Development (Australia) Pty Ltd)
Gifkins C, Herrmann W, Large RR (2005) ‘Altered volcanic rocks: A guide to description and interpretation.’ (Centre for Ore Deposit Research, University of Tasmania)
Grain SL, Folkers T, Robertson DS, Mackay SE, Magee TJ (2015) Drilling a volcanic complex at Toro-1 provides insights into Jurassic rifting in the Exmouth Sub-Basin, Western Australia. In ‘International Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia 13–16 September 2015’. pp. 250–250. (Society of Exploration Geophysicists).
| Crossref |
Guilbert JM, Park CF (2007) ‘The geology of ore deposits.’ (Waveland Press)
Hocking RM (1992) ‘Jurassic deposition in the southern and central North West Shelf, Western Australia.’ (Geological Survey of Western Australia)
Holford S, Schofield N, Jackson C-L, Magee C, Green P, and Duddy I (2013) Impacts of igneous intrusions on source reservoir potential in prospective sedimentary basins along the western Australian continental margin. In ‘West Australian Basins Symposium 2013. Perth, WA, 18–21 August 2013’.
Holford, S, Schofield, N, and Reynolds, P (2017). Subsurface fluid flow focused by buried volcanoes in sedimentary basins: Evidence from 3D seismic data, Bass Basin, offshore southeastern Australia. Interpretation 5, 39–50.
| Subsurface fluid flow focused by buried volcanoes in sedimentary basins: Evidence from 3D seismic data, Bass Basin, offshore southeastern Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jablonski, D (1997). Recent advances in the sequence stratigraphy of the Triassic to Lower Cretaceous succession in the northern Carnarvon Basin, Australia. The APPEA Journal 37, 429–454.
| Recent advances in the sequence stratigraphy of the Triassic to Lower Cretaceous succession in the northern Carnarvon Basin, Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jakymec M (2013) Chester-1 and Chester-1 ST1 Well Completion Report, WA-390-P, Northern Carnarvon Basin: Interpretive Data. Hess.
Kjellgren G, Hollams R, Marks T, White H (1982) ‘Yardie East 1, Well Completion Report.’ (Mesa Australia Limited: Perth, WA)
Kopsen, E, and McGann, G (1985). A review of the hydrocarbon habitat of the eastern and central Barrow—Dampier Sub-Basin, Western Australia. The APPEA Journal 25, 154–176.
| A review of the hydrocarbon habitat of the eastern and central Barrow—Dampier Sub-Basin, Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lawry P, Marks T (1982) ‘Murat 1, Well Completion Report’ (Mesa Australia Limited: Perth, WA)
Locke A (2004) ‘Stybarrow 2: Well Completion Report, Interpretive Volume.’ (BHP Billiton: Perth)
Magee, C, and Jackson, CAL (2020). Seismic reflection data reveal the 3D structure of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, offshore NW Australia. Solid Earth 11, 579–606.
| Seismic reflection data reveal the 3D structure of the newly discovered Exmouth Dyke Swarm, offshore NW Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Magee, C, Briggs, F, and Jackson, CAL (2013a). Lithological controls on igneous intrusion-induced ground deformation. Journal of the Geological Society 170, 853–856.
| Lithological controls on igneous intrusion-induced ground deformation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Magee, C, Jackson, CAL, and Schofield, N (2013b). The influence of normal fault geometry on igneous sill emplacement and morphology. Geology 41, 407–410.
| The influence of normal fault geometry on igneous sill emplacement and morphology.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Magee, C, Duffy, OB, Purnell, K, Bell, RE, Jackson, CAL, and Reeve, MT (2016). Fault-controlled fluid flow inferred from hydrothermal vents imaged in 3D seismic reflection data, offshore NW Australia. Basin Research 28, 299–318.
| Fault-controlled fluid flow inferred from hydrothermal vents imaged in 3D seismic reflection data, offshore NW Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Magee, C, Jackson, CAL, Hardman, JP, and Reeve, MT (2017). Decoding sill emplacement and forced fold growth in the Exmouth Sub-basin, offshore northwest Australia: Implications for hydrocarbon exploration. Interpretation 5, SK11–SK22.
| Decoding sill emplacement and forced fold growth in the Exmouth Sub-basin, offshore northwest Australia: Implications for hydrocarbon exploration.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Magee, C, Stevenson, CTE, Ebmeier, SK, Keir, D, Hammond, JOS, Gottsmann, JH, Whaler, KA, Schofield, N, Jackson, CAL, Petronis, MS, O’Driscoll, B, Morgan, J, Cruden, A, Vollgger, SA, Dering, G, Micklethwaite, S, and Jackson, MD (2018). Magma Plumbing Systems: A Geophysical Perspective. Journal of Petrology 59, 1217–1251.
| Magma Plumbing Systems: A Geophysical Perspective.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mark, N, Schofield, N, Pugliese, S, Watson, D, Holford, S, Muirhead, D, Brown, R, and Healy, D (2018). Igneous intrusions in the Faroe Shetland basin and their implications for hydrocarbon exploration; new insights from well and seismic data. Marine and Petroleum Geology 92, 733–753.
| Igneous intrusions in the Faroe Shetland basin and their implications for hydrocarbon exploration; new insights from well and seismic data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mark, N, Schofield, N, Gardiner, D, Holt, L, Grove, C, Watson, D, Alexander, A, and Poore, H (2018). Overthickening of sedimentary sequences by igneous intrusions Journal of the Geological Society 176, 46–60.
| Overthickening of sedimentary sequences by igneous intrusionsCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mark, N, Holford, S, Schofield, N, Eide, CH, Pugliese, S, Watson, D, and Muirhead, D (2020). Structural and lithological controls on the architecture of igneous intrusions: examples from the NW Australian Shelf. Petroleum Geoscience 26, 50–69.
| Structural and lithological controls on the architecture of igneous intrusions: examples from the NW Australian Shelf.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McBirney AR (1993) ‘Igneous petrology.’ (Jones & Bartlett Learning)
McClay K, Scarselli N, Jitmahantakul S (2013) Igneous Intrusions in the Carnarvon Basin, NW Shelf, Australia. In ‘The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia IV: Proceedings of the Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia Symposium 18–21 August, Perth. WA.’ (Eds M Keep, SJ Moss). pp. 1–20.
McLean, CE, Schofield, N, Brown, DJ, Jolley, DW, and Reid, A (2017). 3D seismic imaging of the shallow plumbing system beneath the Ben Nevis Monogenetic Volcanic Field: Faroe–Shetland Basin. Journal of the Geological Society 174, 468–485.
| 3D seismic imaging of the shallow plumbing system beneath the Ben Nevis Monogenetic Volcanic Field: Faroe–Shetland Basin.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Moita, P, Berrezueta, E, Abdoulghafour, H, Beltrame, M, Pedro, J, Mirão, J, Miguel, C, Galacho, C, Sitzia, F, and Barrulas, P (2020). Mineral II—Laboratory Carbonation Experiments of CO2 on in Early-Phase Mafic Plutonic Rocks, Supercritical CO2-Brine-Rock Interactions. Climate Change, Carbon Capture, Storage and CO2 Mineralisation Technologies 45, .
| Mineral II—Laboratory Carbonation Experiments of CO2 on in Early-Phase Mafic Plutonic Rocks, Supercritical CO2-Brine-Rock Interactions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Monreal, FR, Villar, H, Baudino, R, Delpino, D, and Zencich, S (2009). Modeling an atypical petroleum system: A case study of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation related to igneous intrusions in the Neuquen Basin, Argentina. Marine and Petroleum Geology 26, 590–605.
| Modeling an atypical petroleum system: A case study of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation related to igneous intrusions in the Neuquen Basin, Argentina.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Müller R, Mihut D, Heine C, O’Neill C, Russell I, Keep M, Moss S (2002) Tectonic and volcanic history of the Carnarvon Terrace: Constraints from seismic interpretation and geodynamic modelling. In ‘The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia 3: Proceedings of the Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia Symposium’. pp. 719–740. (Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia: Perth, Australia)
O’Halloran, G, Benson, R, and Dempsey, C (2019). Jurassic igneous activity in the Exmouth Sub-basin: Insights from new 3D seismic. ASEG Extended Abstracts 2019, 1–6.
| Jurassic igneous activity in the Exmouth Sub-basin: Insights from new 3D seismic.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Paumard, V, Bourget, J, Payenberg, T, Ainsworth, RB, George, AD, Lang, S, Posamentier, HW, and Peyrot, D (2018). Controls on shelf-margin architecture and sediment partitioning during a syn-rift to post-rift transition: Insights from the Barrow Group (Northern Carnarvon Basin, North West Shelf, Australia). Earth-Science Reviews 177, 643–677.
| Controls on shelf-margin architecture and sediment partitioning during a syn-rift to post-rift transition: Insights from the Barrow Group (Northern Carnarvon Basin, North West Shelf, Australia).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Quilty, PG (1977). Cenozoic sedimentation cycles in Western Australia. Geology 5, 336–340.
| Cenozoic sedimentation cycles in Western Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rateau, R, Schofield, N, and Smith, M (2013). The potential role of igneous intrusions on hydrocarbon migration, West of Shetland. Petroleum Geoscience 19, 259–272.
| The potential role of igneous intrusions on hydrocarbon migration, West of Shetland.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Reeve, MT, Jackson, CAL, Bell, RE, Magee, C, and Bastow, ID (2016). The stratigraphic record of prebreakup geodynamics: Evidence from the Barrow Delta, offshore Northwest Australia. Tectonics 35, 1935–1968.
| The stratigraphic record of prebreakup geodynamics: Evidence from the Barrow Delta, offshore Northwest Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Reeve, MT, Magee, C, Jackson, CAL, Bell, RE, and Bastow, I (2022). Stratigraphic record of continental breakup, offshore NW Australia. Basin Research , .
| Stratigraphic record of continental breakup, offshore NW Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Reynolds, P, Schofield, N, Brown, RJ, and Holford, SP (2018). The architecture of submarine monogenetic volcanoes - insights from 3D seismic data. Basin Research 30, 437–451.
| The architecture of submarine monogenetic volcanoes - insights from 3D seismic data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rohrman, M (2013). Intrusive large igneous provinces below sedimentary basins: An example from the Exmouth Plateau (NW Australia). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 118, 4477–4487.
| Intrusive large igneous provinces below sedimentary basins: An example from the Exmouth Plateau (NW Australia).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schofield, N, Holford, S, Millett, J, Brown, D, Jolley, D, Passey, SR, Muirhead, D, Grove, C, Magee, C, Murray, J, Hole, M, Jackson, CAL, and Stevenson, C (2017). Regional magma plumbing and emplacement mechanisms of the Faroe-Shetland Sill Complex: implications for magma transport and petroleum systems within sedimentary basins. Basin Research 29, 41–63.
| Regional magma plumbing and emplacement mechanisms of the Faroe-Shetland Sill Complex: implications for magma transport and petroleum systems within sedimentary basins.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schofield, N, Holford, S, Edwards, A, Mark, N, and Pugliese, S (2020). Overpressure transmission through interconnected igneous intrusions. AAPG Bulletin 104, 285–303.
| Overpressure transmission through interconnected igneous intrusions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Searl, A (1991). Early Dinantian dolomites from East Fife: hydrothermal overprinting of early diagenetic fabrics? Journal of the Geological Society 148, 737–747.
| Early Dinantian dolomites from East Fife: hydrothermal overprinting of early diagenetic fabrics?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Senger, K, Planke, S, Polteau, S, Ogata, K, and Svensen, H (2014). Sill emplacement and contact metamorphism in a siliciclastic reservoir on Svalbard, Arctic Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geology/Norsk Geologisk Forening 94, 155–169.
Senger, K, Millett, J, Planke, S, Ogata, K, Haug Eide, C, Festøy, M, Galland, O, and Jerram, DA (2017). Effects of igneous intrusions on the petroleum system: a review First Break 35, .
| Effects of igneous intrusions on the petroleum system: a reviewCrossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Shipboard Scientific Party (1990) Site 763. In ‘Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports, 122’. (Eds BU Haq, U von Rad, S O’Connell, et al.) pp. 289–352. (Ocean Drilling Program: College Station, TX).
| Crossref |
Smallwood, JR, and Maresh, J (2002). The properties, morphology and distribution of igneous sills: modelling, borehole data and 3D seismic from the Faroe-Shetland area. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 197, 271–306.
Stagpoole, V, and Funnell, R (2001). Arc magmatism and hydrocarbon generation in the northern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. Petroleum Geoscience 7, 255–267.
| Arc magmatism and hydrocarbon generation in the northern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Steele-MacInnis M, Esposito R, Bain WM, Runyon SE (2018) Compositions of magmatic fluids exsolved from mafic and felsic melts: Implications for volatile fluxes and ore formation. In ‘EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts’, p. 18565.
Sturrock V (2014) ‘Toro 1 (WA-430-P, Carnarvon Basin) Initial Well Completion Report.’ (Woodside Energy Ltd)
Symonds P, Planke S, Frey O, Skogseid J (1998) Volcanic Evolution of the Western Australian Continental Margin and its Implications for Basin Development. In ‘The Sedimentary Basins of West Australia’ Vol. 2 (Eds PG Purcell, RR Purcell) pp. 33–54. (PESA: Perth)
Tait, AM (1985). A depositional model for the Dupuy Member and the Barrow Group in the Barrow Sub-basin, Northwestern Australia. The APPEA Journal 25, 282–290.
| A depositional model for the Dupuy Member and the Barrow Group in the Barrow Sub-basin, Northwestern Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Taylor L (2015) ‘Toro 1 (WA-430-P, Carnarvon Basin) Final Well Completion Report.’ (Woodside Energy Ltd)
Tindale K, Newell N, Keall J, Smith N (1998) Structural evolution and charge history of the Exmouth Sub-basin, northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. In ‘The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia’ Vol. 2 (Eds PG Purcell, RR Purcell) pp. 447–472. (PESA: Perth)
Velayatham, T, Holford, S, and Bunch, M (2018). Linear Trends of Paleo-Pockmarks and Fluid Flow Pipes in the Jurassic and Triassic Sediments of Offshore Northwest Australia. ASEG Extended Abstracts 2018, 1–3.
| Linear Trends of Paleo-Pockmarks and Fluid Flow Pipes in the Jurassic and Triassic Sediments of Offshore Northwest Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Velayatham T, Holford S, Bunch M, King R, Magee C (2019) 3D seismic analysis of ancient subsurface fluid flow in the Exmouth Plateau, Offshore Western Australia. In ‘The Sedimentary Basins of Western Australia V: Proceedings of the Petroluem Symposium, 2–5 September, Perth, WA’. (Eds M Keep, SJ Moss) pp. 24.
von Rad U, Thurow J (1992) 11. Bentonitic clays as indicators of Early Neocomian post-breakup volcanism off northwest Australia. In ‘Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. Volume 122.’ pp. 213–232. (Ocean Drilling Program) Available at http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/122_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/sr122_11.pdf
Wall, M, Cartwright, J, Davies, R, and McGrandle, A (2010). 3D seismic imaging of a Tertiary Dyke Swarm in the Southern North Sea, UK. Basin Research 22, 181–194.
| 3D seismic imaging of a Tertiary Dyke Swarm in the Southern North Sea, UK.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Watson, M, Boreham, C, and Tingate, P (2004). Carbon dioxide and carbonate cements in the Otway Basin: implications for geological storage of carbon dioxide. The APPEA Journal 44, 703–720.
| Carbon dioxide and carbonate cements in the Otway Basin: implications for geological storage of carbon dioxide.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Watson, D, Holford, S, Schofield, N, and Mark, N (2019). Failure to predict igneous rocks encountered during exploration of sedimentary basins: a case study of the Bass Basin, Southeastern Australia. Marine and Petroleum Geology 99, 526–547.
| Failure to predict igneous rocks encountered during exploration of sedimentary basins: a case study of the Bass Basin, Southeastern Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Watson, D, Schofield, N, Maguire, A, Telford, C, Mark, N, Archer, S, and Hardman, J (2020). Raiders of the Lost Mud: the geology behind drilling incidents within the Balder Formation around the Corona Ridge, West of Shetland. Petroleum Geoscience 26, 110–125.
| Raiders of the Lost Mud: the geology behind drilling incidents within the Balder Formation around the Corona Ridge, West of Shetland.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Willis S (2001) ‘Enfield 3, Well Completion Report, Interpretive Data.’ (Woodside Energy Ltd)
Willis S (2002) ‘Enfield 4, Well Completion Report, Interpretive Data.’ (Woodside Energy Ltd)
Woodside (2016) ‘Malaguti 1, Final Well Completion Report, Interpretive Data.’ (Woodside Energy Ltd)
Yule, C, and Spandler, C (2021). Geophysical and geochemical evidence for a new mafic magmatic province within the Northwest Shelf of Australia. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 22, e2021GC010030.
| Geophysical and geochemical evidence for a new mafic magmatic province within the Northwest Shelf of Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
