Register      Login
Australian Health Review Australian Health Review Society
Journal of the Australian Healthcare & Hospitals Association
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Child rearing and parenting programs among First Nations’ populations in high-income countries: a bibliometric review

Amy Waller A B , Ama Ampofo A B , Jamie Bryant A * and Robert W. Sanson-Fisher A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Health Behaviour Research Collaborative, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.

B Equity in Health and Wellbeing Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.

* Correspondence to: jamie.bryant@newcastle.edu.au

Australian Health Review 47(1) 26-57 https://doi.org/10.1071/AH22073
Submitted: 29 March 2022  Accepted: 7 October 2022   Published: 11 November 2022

© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of AHHA.

Abstract

Objectives We set out to examine the volume, scope and quality of research related to First Nations peoples’ perceptions of, and experiences with, child rearing and/or parenting programs.

Methods We systematically reviewed the literature published between 2000 and 2020. Sixty-eight studies identified through electronic databases and references lists met inclusion criteria.

Results The study found an 8% increase in publications in the field each year (P-value = 0.002), mostly conducted in Australia with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (n = 29, 41%). Scope included positive and negative experiences relating to: parenting from adult (n = 19 studies) and teenager (n = 4) perspectives; and pregnancy, antenatal and postnatal care from the perspective of adults (n = 23) and teenagers (n = 2). Descriptive studies included qualitative (n = 40; 58%), quantitative (n = 8, 12%) or mixed methods (n = 7, 10%). Thirteen experimental studies reported the development, acceptability and/or effectiveness of programs (19%), of which three met the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care design criteria.

Conclusions Despite an overall increase in volume, research efforts do not demonstrate a clear scientific progression. Further methodologically rigorous studies examining child rearing and/or parenting programs developed in collaboration with First Nations populations are needed.

Keywords: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, child rearing, First Nations, parenting, systematic review.


References

[1]  Yeo SS. Bonding and attachment of Australian Aboriginal children. Child Abus Rev 2003; 12 292–304.
Bonding and attachment of Australian Aboriginal children.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[2]  Williams M. Profiling excellence - Indigenous knowledge translation. Melbourne: Lowitja Institute; 2021.

[3]  Nomaguchi K, Milkie MA. Parenthood and well-being: A decade in review. J Marriage Fam 2020; 82 198–223.
Parenthood and well-being: A decade in review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[4]  Larkins SL, Page RP, Panaretto KS, Mitchell M, Alberts V, McGinty S, et al. The transformative potential of young motherhood for disadvantaged Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in Townsville, Australia. Med J Aust 2011; 194 551–5.
The transformative potential of young motherhood for disadvantaged Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in Townsville, Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[5]  Menzies K. Understanding the Australian Aboriginal experience of collective, historical and intergenerational trauma. Int Soc Work 2019; 62 1522–34.
Understanding the Australian Aboriginal experience of collective, historical and intergenerational trauma.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[6]  Dudgeon P, Watson M, Holland C. Trauma in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. Aust Clin Psychol 2017; 31 19–30.

[7]  Family Matters. Family matters report 2017: Measuring trends to turn the tide on the over-representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in out-of-home care in Australia. 2018. Available at https://www.familymatters.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Family-Matters-Report-2017.pdf

[8]  Saint-Girons M, Trocmé N, Esposito T, Fallon B. Children in out-of-home care in Canada in 2019. Montreal, QC: Canadian Child Welfare Research Portal; 2020.

[9]  Gatwiri K, McPherson L, Parmenter N, Cameron N, Rotumah D. Indigenous children and young people in residential care: A systematic scoping review. Trauma Violence Abuse 2021; 22 829–42.
Indigenous children and young people in residential care: A systematic scoping review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[10]  Keddell E, Hyslop I. Ethnic inequalities in child welfare: The role of practitioner risk perceptions. Child Fam Soc Work 2019; 24 409–20.
Ethnic inequalities in child welfare: The role of practitioner risk perceptions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[11]  Secretariat of National Aboriginal and Islander Child Care (SNAICC). National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander early childhood strategy: consultation report. 2021. Available at https://www.snaicc.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/SNAICC_ECS_ConsultationReport_Dec2021.pdf

[12]  Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. National framework for protecting Australia’s children indicators. Canberra: AIHW; 2021.

[13]  Penman R. The ‘growing up’ of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: A literature review. Canberra: Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs; 2006. Contract No.: Occasional paper No. 15.

[14]  Barlow J, Coren E. The effectiveness of parenting programs:A review of Campbell Reviews. Res Soc Work Pract 2018; 28 99–102.
The effectiveness of parenting programs:A review of Campbell Reviews.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[15]  Jeong J, Franchett EE, Ramos de Oliveira CV, Rehmani K, Yousafzai AK. Parenting interventions to promote early child development in the first three years of life: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2021; 18 e1003602
Parenting interventions to promote early child development in the first three years of life: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[16]  Morrison J, Pikhart H, Ruiz M, Goldblatt P. Systematic review of parenting interventions in European countries aiming to reduce social inequalities in children’s health and development. BMC Public Health 2014; 14 1040
Systematic review of parenting interventions in European countries aiming to reduce social inequalities in children’s health and development.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[17]  Macvean M, Shlonsky A, Mildon R, Devine B. Parenting interventions for Indigenous child psychosocial functioning: A scoping review. Res Soc Work Pract 2017; 27 307–34.
Parenting interventions for Indigenous child psychosocial functioning: A scoping review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[18]  Toombs E, Dalicandro L, Schmidt F, Mushquash CJ. A scoping review of parenting programs for Indigenous people in Canada: What approaches are being applied in Indigenous communities? Can J Commun Ment Health 2021; 40 81–104.
A scoping review of parenting programs for Indigenous people in Canada: What approaches are being applied in Indigenous communities?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[19]  Butler J, Gregg L, Calam R, Wittkowski A. Parents’ perceptions and experiences of parenting programmes: A systematic review and metasynthesis of the qualitative literature. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2020; 23 176–204.
Parents’ perceptions and experiences of parenting programmes: A systematic review and metasynthesis of the qualitative literature.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[20]  Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. BMJ 2009; 339 b2535
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[21]  Bolitho S, Huntington A. Experiences of Maori families accessing health care for their unwell children: A pilot study. Nurs Prax N Z 2006; 22 23–32.

[22]  Rhodes KL, Hellerstedt WL, Davey CS, Pirie PL, Daly KA. American Indian breastfeeding attitudes and practices in Minnesota. Matern Child Health J 2008; 12 46–54.
American Indian breastfeeding attitudes and practices in Minnesota.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[23]  Brooks JL, Holdtich-Davis D, Docherty SL, Theodorou CS. Birthing and parenting a premature infant in a cultural context. Qual Health Res 2016; 26 387–98.
Birthing and parenting a premature infant in a cultural context.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[24]  Brown H, Varcoe C, Calam B. The birthing experiences of rural Aboriginal women in context: Implications for nursing. Can J Nurs Res 2011; 43 100–17.

[25]  Burns L, Whitty-Rogers J, MacDonald C. Understanding Mi’kmaq women’s experiences accessing prenatal care in rural Nova Scotia. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 2019; 42 139–55.
Understanding Mi’kmaq women’s experiences accessing prenatal care in rural Nova Scotia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[26]  Eni R, Phillips-Beck W. Teenage pregnancy and parenthood perspectives of First Nation women. Int Indig Policy J 2013; 4 Art 3
Teenage pregnancy and parenthood perspectives of First Nation women.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[27]  Eni R, Phillips-Beck W, Mehta P. At the edges of embodiment: Determinants of breastfeeding for First Nations women. Breastfeed Med 2014; 9 203–14.
At the edges of embodiment: Determinants of breastfeeding for First Nations women.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[28]  Foley W, Schubert L, Denaro T. Breastfeeding experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers in an urban setting in Brisbane. Breastfeed Rev 2013; 21 53–61.

[29]  Hanson JD. Understanding prenatal health care for American Indian women in a northern plains tribe. J Transcult Nurs 2012; 23 29–37.
Understanding prenatal health care for American Indian women in a northern plains tribe.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[30]  Horodynski MA, Calcatera M, Carpenter A. Infant feeding practices: Perceptions of Native American mothers and health paraprofessionals. Health Educ J 2012; 71 327–39.
Infant feeding practices: Perceptions of Native American mothers and health paraprofessionals.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[31]  Josif CM, Barclay L, Kruske S, Kildea S. ‘No more strangers’: Investigating the experiences of women, midwives and others during the establishment of a new model of maternity care for remote dwelling Aboriginal women in Northern Australia. Midwifery 2014; 30 317–23.
‘No more strangers’: Investigating the experiences of women, midwives and others during the establishment of a new model of maternity care for remote dwelling Aboriginal women in Northern Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[32]  Kelly J, West R, Gamble J, Sidebotham M, Carson V, Duffy E. ‘She knows how we feel’: Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander childbearing women’s experience of continuity of care with an Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander midwifery student. Women Birth 2014; 27 157–62.
‘She knows how we feel’: Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander childbearing women’s experience of continuity of care with an Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander midwifery student.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[33]  Lee R, North N. Barriers to Maori sole mothers’ primary health care access. J Prim Health Care 2013; 5 315–21.
Barriers to Maori sole mothers’ primary health care access.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[34]  Marriott R, Reibel T, Coffin J, Gliddon J, Griffin D, Robinson M, et al. “Our culture, how it is to be us” — listening to Aboriginal women about on Country urban birthing. Women Birth 2019; 32 391–403.
Our culture, how it is to be us” — listening to Aboriginal women about on Country urban birthing.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[35]  Palacios J, Chesla C, Kennedy H, Strickland J. Embodied meanings of early childbearing among American Indian women: A turning point. J Midwifery Womens Health 2012; 57 502–8.
Embodied meanings of early childbearing among American Indian women: A turning point.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[36]  Palacios J, Kennedy HP. Reflections of Native American teen mothers. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2010; 39 425–34.
Reflections of Native American teen mothers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[37]  Palacios JF, Strickland CJ, Chesla CA, Kennedy HP, Portillo CJ. Weaving dreamcatchers: Mothering among American Indian women who were teen mothers. J Adv Nurs 2014; 70 153–63.
Weaving dreamcatchers: Mothering among American Indian women who were teen mothers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[38]  Pickner WJ, Ziegler KM, Hanson JD, Payne NR, Zook HG, Kharbanda AB, et al. Community perspectives on emergency department use and care for American Indian children. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 5 939–46.
Community perspectives on emergency department use and care for American Indian children.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[39]  Reibel T, Morrison L, Griffin D, Chapman L, Woods H. Young Aboriginal women’s voices on pregnancy care: Factors encouraging antenatal engagement. Women Birth 2015; 28 47–53.
Young Aboriginal women’s voices on pregnancy care: Factors encouraging antenatal engagement.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[40]  Seear KH, Spry EP, Carlin E, Atkinson DN, Marley JV. Aboriginal women’s experiences of strengths and challenges of antenatal care in the Kimberley: A qualitative study. Women Birth 2021; 34 570–7.
Aboriginal women’s experiences of strengths and challenges of antenatal care in the Kimberley: A qualitative study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[41]  Simmonds DM, West L, Porter J, Davies M, Holland C, Preston-Thomas A, et al. The role of support person for Ngaanyatjarra women during pregnancy and birth. Women Birth 2012; 25 79–85.
The role of support person for Ngaanyatjarra women during pregnancy and birth.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[42]  Stevenson K, Filoche S, Cram F, Lawton B. Lived realities: Birthing experiences of Māori women under 20 years of age. AlterNative 2016; 12 124–37.
Lived realities: Birthing experiences of Māori women under 20 years of age.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[43]  Ussher JM, Charter R, Parton C, Perz J. Constructions and experiences of motherhood in the context of an early intervention for Aboriginal mothers and their children: Mother and healthcare worker perspectives. BMC Public Health 2016; 16 620
Constructions and experiences of motherhood in the context of an early intervention for Aboriginal mothers and their children: Mother and healthcare worker perspectives.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[44]  Varcoe C, Brown H, Calam B, Harvey T, Tallio M. Help bring back the celebration of life: A community-based participatory study of rural Aboriginal women’s maternity experiences and outcomes. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013; 13 26
Help bring back the celebration of life: A community-based participatory study of rural Aboriginal women’s maternity experiences and outcomes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[45]  Watson J, Hodson K, Johnson R. Developing strategies to gather information about the maternity experiences of Indigenous women in an acute care setting. Aust J Rural Health 2002; 10 147–53.
Developing strategies to gather information about the maternity experiences of Indigenous women in an acute care setting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[46]  Watson J, Hodson K, Johnson R, Kemp K. The maternity experiences of Indigenous women admitted to an acute care setting. Aust J Rural Health 2002; 10 154–60.
The maternity experiences of Indigenous women admitted to an acute care setting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[47]  Wright AL, Ballantyne M, Wahoush O. Caring for Indigenous families in the neonatal intensive care unit. Nurs Inq 2020; 27 1–12.
Caring for Indigenous families in the neonatal intensive care unit.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[48]  Wright AL, Jack SM, Ballantyne M, Gabel C, Bomberry R, Wahoush O. Indigenous mothers’ experiences of using primary care in Hamilton, Ontario, for their infants. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2019; 14 1600940
Indigenous mothers’ experiences of using primary care in Hamilton, Ontario, for their infants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[49]  Wright AL, Jack SM, Ballantyne M, Gabel C, Bomberry R, Wahoush O. How Indigenous mothers experience selecting and using early childhood development services to care for their infants. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2019; 14 1–12.

[50]  Ball J. Indigenous fathers’ involvement in reconstituting “circles of care”. Am J Community Psychol 2010; 45 124–38.
Indigenous fathers’ involvement in reconstituting “circles of care”.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[51]  Blanc YB, Dietsch E. The experience of Australia’s First Nations men supporting their partners during childbirth: A descriptive, interpretive study. Int J Childbirth 2018; 8 216–24.
The experience of Australia’s First Nations men supporting their partners during childbirth: A descriptive, interpretive study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[52]  Canuto K, Towers K, Riessen J, Perry J, Bond S, Ah Chee DA, et al. “Anybody can make kids; it takes a real man to look after your kids”: Aboriginal men’s discourse on parenting. PLoS One 2019; 14 e0225395
“Anybody can make kids; it takes a real man to look after your kids”: Aboriginal men’s discourse on parenting.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[53]  Carlin E, Cox Z, Spry E, Monahan C, Marley JV, Atkinson D. “When i got the news”: Aboriginal fathers in the Kimberley region yarning about their experience of the antenatal period. Health Promot J Austr 2021; 32 513–22.
“When i got the news”: Aboriginal fathers in the Kimberley region yarning about their experience of the antenatal period.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[54]  Mooradian JK, Cross SL, Stutzky GR. Across generations: Culture, history, and policy in the social ecology of American Indian grandparents parenting their grandchildren. J Fam Soc Work 2007; 10 81–101.
Across generations: Culture, history, and policy in the social ecology of American Indian grandparents parenting their grandchildren.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[55]  Podlogar MC, Novins DK. Quality of care in American Indian child and adolescent behavioral health: A pilot study of patient and family perspectives. Psychol Serv 2015; 12 112–22.
Quality of care in American Indian child and adolescent behavioral health: A pilot study of patient and family perspectives.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[56]  Tremblay M, Gokiert R, Georgis R, Edwards K, Skrypnek B. Aboriginal perspectives on social-emotional competence in early childhood. Int Indig Policy J 2013; 4 Art 2
Aboriginal perspectives on social-emotional competence in early childhood.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[57]  Henning Cruickshank A, Lilley TS, Radcliffe B, Nosa V, Fenwick J. Māori and Pasifika perceptions of their local maternity care in Logan, Australia. Women Birth 2019; 32 e359–65.
Māori and Pasifika perceptions of their local maternity care in Logan, Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[58]  Van Herk KA, Smith D, Andrew C. Identity matters: Aboriginal mothers’ experiences of accessing health care. Contemp Nurse 2011; 37 57–68.
Identity matters: Aboriginal mothers’ experiences of accessing health care.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[59]  Gerlach AJ, Browne AJ, Greenwood M. Engaging indigenous families in a community-based indigenous early childhood programme in British Columbia, Canada: A cultural safety perspective. Health Soc Care Community 2017; 25 1763–73.
Engaging indigenous families in a community-based indigenous early childhood programme in British Columbia, Canada: A cultural safety perspective.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[60]  O’Driscoll T, Payne L, Kelly L, Cromarty H, St Pierre-Hansen N, Terry C. Traditional first nations birthing practices: Interviews with elders in northwestern Ontario. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2011; 33 24–9.
Traditional first nations birthing practices: Interviews with elders in northwestern Ontario.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[61]  Brooks JL, Holditch-Davis D, Landerman LR. Interactive behaviors of American Indian mothers and their premature infants. Res Nurs Health 2013; 36 591–602.
Interactive behaviors of American Indian mothers and their premature infants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[62]  Dietsch E, Martin T, Shackleton P, Davies C, McLeod M, Alston M. Australian Aboriginal kinship: A means to enhance maternal well-being. Women Birth 2011; 24 58–64.
Australian Aboriginal kinship: A means to enhance maternal well-being.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[63]  Ireland S, Wulili Narjic C, Belton S, Kildea S. Niyith nniyith watmam (the quiet story): Exploring the experiences of Aboriginal women who give birth in their remote community. Midwifery 2011; 27 634–41.
Niyith nniyith watmam (the quiet story): Exploring the experiences of Aboriginal women who give birth in their remote community.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[64]  Kornelsen J, Kotaska A, Waterfall P, Willie L, Wilson D. The geography of belonging: The experience of birthing at home for First Nations women. Health Place 2010; 16 638–45.
The geography of belonging: The experience of birthing at home for First Nations women.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[65]  Ball J. Fathering in the shadows: Indigenous fathers and Canada’s colonial legacies. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci 2009; 624 29–48.
Fathering in the shadows: Indigenous fathers and Canada’s colonial legacies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[66]  Byers L, Kulitja S, Lowell A, Kruske S. ‘Hear our stories’: Child-rearing practices of a remote Australian Aboriginal community. Aust J Rural Health 2012; 20 293–7.
‘Hear our stories’: Child-rearing practices of a remote Australian Aboriginal community.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[67]  Reese E, Hayne H, MacDonald S. Looking back to the future: Māori and Pakeha mother–child birth stories. Child Dev 2008; 79 114–25.
Looking back to the future: Māori and Pakeha mother–child birth stories.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[68]  Brown SJ, Weetra D, Glover K, Buckskin M, Ah Kit J, Leane C, et al. Improving aboriginal women’s experiences of antenatal care: Findings from the Aboriginal Families study in South Australia. Birth 2015; 42 27–37.
Improving aboriginal women’s experiences of antenatal care: Findings from the Aboriginal Families study in South Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[69]  Eckhardt CL, Lutz T, Karanja N, Jobe JB, Maupomé G, Ritenbaugh C. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs that can influence infant feeding practices in American Indian mothers. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114 1587–93.
Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs that can influence infant feeding practices in American Indian mothers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[70]  Glover M, Waldon J, Manaena-Biddle H, Holdaway M, Cunningham C. Barriers to best outcomes in breastfeeding for Māori: Mothers’ perceptions, Whānau perceptions, and services. J Hum Lact 2009; 25 307–16.
Barriers to best outcomes in breastfeeding for Māori: Mothers’ perceptions, Whānau perceptions, and services.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[71]  Parker S, McKinnon L, Kruske S. ‘Choice, culture and confidence’: Key findings from the 2012 Having a Baby in Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2014; 14 196
‘Choice, culture and confidence’: Key findings from the 2012 Having a Baby in Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander survey.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[72]  Sarche MC, Croy CD, Crow CB, Mitchell CM, Spicer P. Maternal correlates of 2-year-old American Indian children’s social-emotional development in a northern plains tribe. Infant Ment Health J 2009; 30 321–40.
Maternal correlates of 2-year-old American Indian children’s social-emotional development in a northern plains tribe.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[73]  Limb GE, Tobler J. American Indian perceptions of paternal responsibility. J Hum Behav Soc Environ 2014; 24 217–29.
American Indian perceptions of paternal responsibility.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[74]  Adams K, Faulkhead S, Standfield R, Atkinson P. Challenging the colonisation of birth: Koori women’s birthing knowledge and practice. Women Birth 2018; 31 81–8.
Challenging the colonisation of birth: Koori women’s birthing knowledge and practice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[75]  Barlow A, Varipatis-Baker E, Speakman K, Ginsburg G, Friberg I, Goklish N, et al. Home-visiting intervention to improve child care among American Indian adolescent mothers: A randomized trial. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006; 160 1101–7.
Home-visiting intervention to improve child care among American Indian adolescent mothers: A randomized trial.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[76]  Sivak L, Arney F, Lewig K. A pilot exploration of a family home visiting program for families of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Report and recommendations: Perspectives of parents of aboriginal children and organisational considerations. Adelaide: Australian Centre for Child Protection; 2008.

[77]  Walkup JT, Barlow A, Mullany BC, Pan W, Goklish N, Hasting R, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a paraprofessional-delivered in-home intervention for young reservation-based American Indian mothers. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2009; 48 591–601.
Randomized controlled trial of a paraprofessional-delivered in-home intervention for young reservation-based American Indian mothers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[78]  Dionne R, Davis B, Sheeber L, Madrigal L. Initial evaluation of a cultural approach to implementation of evidence-based parenting interventions in American Indian communities. J Community Psychol 2009; 37 911–21.
Initial evaluation of a cultural approach to implementation of evidence-based parenting interventions in American Indian communities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[79]  Lee L, Griffiths C, Glossop P, Eapen V. The boomerangs parenting program for Aboriginal parents and their young children. Australas Psychiatry 2010; 18 527–33.
The boomerangs parenting program for Aboriginal parents and their young children.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[80]  Robbins R, Tonemah S, Robbins S. Project eagle: Techniques for multi-family psycho-educational group therapy with gifted American Indian adolescents and their parents. Am Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res 2002; 10 56–74.
Project eagle: Techniques for multi-family psycho-educational group therapy with gifted American Indian adolescents and their parents.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[81]  Kildea S, Stapleton H, Murphy R, Low NB, Gibbons K. The Murri clinic: A comparative retrospective study of an antenatal clinic developed for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2012; 12 159
The Murri clinic: A comparative retrospective study of an antenatal clinic developed for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[82]  Rossiter C, Power T, Fowler C, Jackson D, Roche M, Dawson A. “Learning to become a better man”: Insights from a fathering programme for incarcerated Indigenous men. Aust J Soc Issues 2017; 52 13–31.
“Learning to become a better man”: Insights from a fathering programme for incarcerated Indigenous men.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[83]  Abbass-Dick J, Brolly M, Huizinga J, Newport A, Xie F, George S, et al. Designing an eHealth breastfeeding resource with Indigenous families using a participatory design. J Transcult Nurs 2018; 29 480–8.
Designing an eHealth breastfeeding resource with Indigenous families using a participatory design.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[84]  Homer CSE, Foureur MJ, Allende T, Pekin F, Caplice S, Catling-Paull C. ‘It’s more than just having a baby’ women’s experiences of a maternity service for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families. Midwifery 2012; 28 e509–15.
‘It’s more than just having a baby’ women’s experiences of a maternity service for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander families.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[85]  Stock C, Mares S, Robinson G. Working together in a good way: Relationships between local Indigenous and fly-in workers delivering a parent-child programme in remote Aboriginal communities. Int Soc Work 2019; 62 48–61.
Working together in a good way: Relationships between local Indigenous and fly-in workers delivering a parent-child programme in remote Aboriginal communities.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[86]  Lowell A, Kildea S, Liddle M, Cox B, Paterson B. Supporting aboriginal knowledge and practice in health care: Lessons from a qualitative evaluation of the strong women, strong babies, strong culture program. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15 19
Supporting aboriginal knowledge and practice in health care: Lessons from a qualitative evaluation of the strong women, strong babies, strong culture program.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[87]  Middleton P, Bubner T, Glover K, Rumbold A, Weetra D, Scheil W, et al. ‘Partnerships are crucial’: An evaluation of the Aboriginal family birthing program in South Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health 2017; 41 21–6.
‘Partnerships are crucial’: An evaluation of the Aboriginal family birthing program in South Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[88]  Brown AE, Fereday JA, Middleton PF, Pincombe JI. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women’s experiences accessing standard hospital care for birth in South Australia – a phenomenological study. Women Birth 2016; 29 350–8.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women’s experiences accessing standard hospital care for birth in South Australia – a phenomenological study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[89]  Lawton B, Cram F, Makowharemahihi C, Ngata T, Robson B, Brown S, Campbell W. Developing a Kaupapa Māori research project to help reduce health disparities experienced by young Māori women and their babies. AlterNative ‐ Int J Indig Peoples 2013; 9 246–261.

[90]  Bainbridge R, Tsey K, McCalman J, Kinchin I, Saunders V, Watkin Lui F, et al. No one’s discussing the elephant in the room: Contemplating questions of research impact and benefit in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian health research. BMC Public Health 2015; 15 696
No one’s discussing the elephant in the room: Contemplating questions of research impact and benefit in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian health research.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[91]  Azzopardi P, Blow N, Purcell T, Brown N, Ritchie T, Brown A. Investing in the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adolescents: A foundation for achieving health equity. Med J Aust 2020; 212 202–4.e1.
Investing in the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adolescents: A foundation for achieving health equity.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[92]  Commonwealth of Australia Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Closing the gap: Prime minister’s report 2017. Commonwealth of Australia; 2017. Available at https://www.niaa.gov.au/sites/default/files/reports/closing-the-gap-2017/sites/default/files/ctg-report-2017.pdf

[93]  Bowes J, Grace R. Review of early childhood parenting, education and health intervention programs for Indigenous children and families in Australia. Canberra: AIHW; 2014.

[94]  Roman C. Indigenous people and qualitative research - making it work. Aborig Isl Health Work J 2016; 40 11–6.

[95]  Geia LK, Hayes B, Usher K. Yarning/aboriginal storytelling: Towards an understanding of an Indigenous perspective and its implications for research practice. Contemp Nurse 2013; 46 13–7.
Yarning/aboriginal storytelling: Towards an understanding of an Indigenous perspective and its implications for research practice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[96]  Markwick A, Ansari Z, Sullivan M, Parsons L, McNeil J. Inequalities in the social determinants of health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: A cross-sectional population-based study in the Australian state of Victoria. Int J Equity Health 2014; 13 91
Inequalities in the social determinants of health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: A cross-sectional population-based study in the Australian state of Victoria.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[97]  Gatwiri K, Rotumah D, Rix E. BlackLivesMatter in healthcare: Racism and implications for health inequity among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18 4399
BlackLivesMatter in healthcare: Racism and implications for health inequity among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[98]  Abbott P, Askew D, Watego C, Hu WC, Campbell L, Tyson C, et al. Randomised clinical trial research within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary health services: A qualitative study. BMJ Open 2021; 11 e050839
Randomised clinical trial research within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander primary health services: A qualitative study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[99]  Morris P. Randomised controlled trials addressing Australian Aboriginal health needs: A systematic review of the literature. J Paediatr Child Health 1999; 35 130–5.
Randomised controlled trials addressing Australian Aboriginal health needs: A systematic review of the literature.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[100]  Sibthorpe BM, Bailie RS, Brady MA, Ball SA, Sumner-Dodd P, Hall WD. The demise of a planned randomised controlled trial in an urban Aboriginal medical service. Med J Aust 2002; 176 273–6.
The demise of a planned randomised controlled trial in an urban Aboriginal medical service.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[101]  Chilisa B. Indigenous research methodologies. California US: Sage Publications; 2020.

[102]  Fogarty W, Lovell M, Lagenberg J, Heron M-J. Deficit discourse and strengths-based approaches: Changing the narrative of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and wellbeing. Melbourne: The Lowitja Institute; 2018.

[103]  Morley SA. What works in effective Indigenous community-managed programs and organisations. Melbourne: Australian Institute for Family Studies; 2015. Available at https://aifs.gov.au/resources/policy-and-practice-papers/what-works-effective-indigenous-community-managed-programs-and

[104]  Bryant J, Bolt R, Botfield JR, Martin K, Doyle M, Murphy D, et al. Beyond deficit: ‘Strengths-based approaches’ in Indigenous health research. Sociol Health Illn 2021; 43 1405–21.
Beyond deficit: ‘Strengths-based approaches’ in Indigenous health research.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |